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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Microbiome Research

Background:

  • Animal-microbiome interactions are crucial for development.
  • Microbiome disturbances may affect animal physiology and morphology.
  • Sponges host symbiotic microorganisms, including cyanobacteria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of photosymbiont loss (bleaching) on sponge morphology and development.
  • To assess the transcriptomic and microanatomical changes in sponges experiencing microbiome disruption.
  • To explore the evolutionary origins of animal-microbiome communication.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative morphological and microanatomical analysis of shaded (bleached) and control sponges (Lendenfeldia chondrodes).
  • Transcriptomic analysis to identify changes in gene expression.
  • Focus on signaling pathways involved in morphogenesis and immunity.

Main Results:

  • Shading induced bleaching and a shift from foliose to thread-like morphology.
  • Microanatomy was altered, with reduced cortex and choanosome development.
  • Significant transcriptomic changes were observed, including modulation of Wnt, TGF-β, and TLR-ILR pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Microbiome collapse in sponges leads to profound morphological and genetic reorganization.
  • A strong coupling exists between the sponge's transcriptomic state and its microbiome.
  • This interaction suggests ancient evolutionary roots for animal-microbiome responsiveness.