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Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
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Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

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Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
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Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

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Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:
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Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

40
Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
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Omics in acute-on-chronic liver failure.

Peng Li1, Xi Liang2, Jinjin Luo1

  • 1State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.

Liver International : Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver
|June 8, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a severe condition with high mortality. Omics technologies offer new insights into ACLF mechanisms, biomarkers, and potential treatments for this complex liver disease.

Keywords:
acute‐on‐chronic liver failureomicspathophysiologyprecision therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Systems Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a distinct clinical syndrome in chronic liver disease patients, marked by acute decompensation, organ failure, and high mortality.
  • Despite recognition, controversies persist regarding ACLF definitions, particularly concerning underlying liver disease inclusion (cirrhosis vs. non-cirrhosis).
  • The complex pathophysiology involves systemic inflammation, immune-metabolism dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and microenvironment imbalance, necessitating further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on ACLF definitions, criteria, and prognostic assessments.
  • To explore the application of omics techniques in understanding ACLF pathophysiology.
  • To identify potential predictive biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ACLF using omics data.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on ACLF definitions and prognostic scores.
  • Description of omics technologies (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, microbiomics).
  • Analysis of how omics-based approaches have been applied to ACLF research.

Main Results:

  • Omics technologies provide novel insights into the pathophysiologic processes of ACLF.
  • Omics-based analyses are instrumental in identifying potential predictive biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
  • Systemic inflammation and immune-metabolism disorder are key contributors to ACLF development and organ failure.

Conclusions:

  • Omics-based analyses are crucial for unraveling ACLF mechanisms and developing targeted therapies.
  • Further research is needed to address challenges and limitations in applying omics to clinical ACLF.
  • Improved understanding through omics can lead to better patient outcomes and survival in ACLF.