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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
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Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration01:21

Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration

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Cells can detect chemical cues in their environment and reorganize the cytoskeleton to migrate toward them or away from them. This directional migration, called chemotaxis, is essential during embryogenesis and development, immune response, tissue repair and regeneration, and reproduction. These chemical cues can either attract or repel the cell's movement. For example, axon development is determined by a combination of chemoattractants and chemorepellents that direct the growing axon...
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Nuclear Localization Signals and Import01:46

Nuclear Localization Signals and Import

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Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of  2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...
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Nuclear Export01:42

Nuclear Export

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The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
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Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration01:32

Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration

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A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker...
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Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

2.4K
Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 27, 2025

Nuclear Migration in the Drosophila Oocyte
04:17

Nuclear Migration in the Drosophila Oocyte

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Nuclear segmentation facilitates neutrophil migration.

Connie Shen1,2, Eva Mulder3, Wiebe Buitenwerf3

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada.

Journal of Cell Science
|June 8, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neutrophil nuclear segmentation enhances immune cell speed. More segmented nuclei in neutrophils improve their ability to rapidly migrate through narrow spaces, crucial for first responders.

Keywords:
EndotoxemiaMicrofluidicsMigrationNeutrophilNuclear segmentationNucleus

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Neutrophils are critical immune cells known for their rapid migration.
  • Their segmented nucleus has been hypothesized to aid in swift movement.
  • Understanding neutrophil migration is key to immune response and disease pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional role of neutrophil nuclear segmentation in cell migration speed.
  • To test the hypothesis that nuclear shape influences neutrophil traversal through confined environments.

Main Methods:

  • Primary human neutrophils were studied using microfluidic devices to mimic confined spaces.
  • Endotoxin administration induced diverse neutrophil nuclear phenotypes (hypo- to hyper-segmented).
  • Neutrophil migration speed was quantified based on nuclear lobe count via cell sorting and direct imaging.

Main Results:

  • Neutrophils with fewer nuclear lobes (one or two) migrated significantly slower through narrow channels.
  • Neutrophils with more than two nuclear lobes demonstrated a speed advantage.
  • Nuclear segmentation directly correlates with enhanced migration velocity in confined spaces.

Conclusions:

  • Neutrophil nuclear segmentation is essential for optimizing migration speed in confined environments.
  • This finding supports the role of nuclear morphology in immune cell function and rapid response.
  • Targeting nuclear segmentation could offer new therapeutic strategies for inflammatory diseases.