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In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded...
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Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity; A Yin and Yang of Cell Senescence
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Exercise as a Therapy to Maintain Telomere Function and Prevent Cellular Senescence.

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Regular exercise influences telomerase activity, which protects cell integrity and promotes healthy aging. This enzyme maintains telomeres, preventing cellular damage and senescence.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise physiology
  • Molecular biology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Telomeres protect chromosome ends, and their shortening is linked to aging and disease.
  • Telomerase, including its catalytic subunit TERT, plays a crucial role in telomere maintenance.
  • Cellular senescence, a state of irreversible growth arrest, contributes to aging.
  • Exercise is known to have various health benefits, but its molecular mechanisms are still being elucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the transient effects of exercise on telomerase (TERT) expression and activity.
  • To understand how exercise-induced telomerase modulation contributes to cellular protection and healthy aging.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of TERT/telomerase expression and activity following exercise interventions.
  • Assessment of telomere length and genomic stability markers.
  • Evaluation of cellular senescence markers and cellular resiliency.

Main Results:

  • Exercise was found to transiently alter the expression, regulation, and activity of TERT/telomerase.
  • Telomerase activation by exercise contributes to telomere maintenance.
  • This process protects the genome from various insults, thereby preventing cellular senescence.

Conclusions:

  • Exercise modulates telomerase, enhancing cellular resilience and promoting healthy aging.
  • TERT/telomerase activity is a key molecular pathway through which exercise exerts its beneficial effects on longevity.