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Related Concept Videos

Alkenes via Reductive Coupling of Aldehydes or Ketones: McMurry Reaction01:22

Alkenes via Reductive Coupling of Aldehydes or Ketones: McMurry Reaction

1.9K
The radical dimerization of ketones or aldehydes gives vicinal diols through a pinacol coupling reaction. However, the behavior of titanium metals used for the reaction as a source of electrons is unusual. When the reaction is carried out in the presence of titanium, diols can be isolated at low temperatures. Else titanium further reacts with diols, forming alkenes through the McMurry reaction.
1.9K
Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Halogenation02:38

Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Halogenation

8.3K
Introduction
Halogenation is another class of electrophilic addition reactions where a halogen molecule gets added across a π bond. In alkynes, the presence of two π bonds allows for the addition of two equivalents of halogens (bromine or chlorine). The addition of the first halogen molecule forms a trans-dihaloalkene as the major product and the cis isomer as the minor product. Subsequent addition of the second equivalent yields the tetrahalide.
8.3K
π Molecular Orbitals of the Allyl Cation and Anion01:18

π Molecular Orbitals of the Allyl Cation and Anion

4.3K
An allyl group is a three-carbon conjugated system where the sp³-hybridized allylic carbon is bonded to a CH=CH2 group via a single bond. Allyl anions can be obtained by treating propene with a strong base that can deprotonate methyl groups. Allyl cations are formed as intermediates during substitution reactions involving allylic halides. In both cases, the hybridization of the allylic carbon changes from sp3 to sp2, giving rise to a carbon chain with three sp2-hybridized carbons, each with...
4.3K
π Molecular Orbitals of the Allyl Radical01:27

π Molecular Orbitals of the Allyl Radical

3.5K
Allyl radicals are three-carbon conjugated systems. They are readily formed as intermediates in halogenation reactions of alkenes involving the addition of halogen to the allylic carbon instead of the double bond. As seen in allyl cations and anions, each of the three sp2-hybridized carbon atoms in allyl radicals has an unhybridized p orbital. These orbitals combine to give three π molecular orbitals.
The allyl systems have identical molecular orbitals but differ in the number of π electrons....
3.5K
Nomenclature of Alkynes02:39

Nomenclature of Alkynes

18.5K
Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons characterized by the presence of carbon-carbon triple bonds and have a general formula CnH2n-2. The nomenclature of alkynes follows a set of rules similar to alkanes and alkenes; however, alkynes bear the suffix "-yne" instead of "-ane" or "-ene." There are two approaches to naming alkynes:
18.5K
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

18.5K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
18.5K

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Efficient Construction of Drug-like Bispirocyclic Scaffolds Via Organocatalytic Cycloadditions of &#945;-Imino &#947;-Lactones and Alkylidene Pyrazolones
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Efficient Construction of Drug-like Bispirocyclic Scaffolds Via Organocatalytic Cycloadditions of α-Imino γ-Lactones and Alkylidene Pyrazolones

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Three-Membered Aluminacycles.

Chenting Yan1, Rei Kinjo1

  • 1School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore, Singapore.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|June 8, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This perspective explores three-membered aluminacycles, novel aluminum-containing rings. These compounds offer unique reactivity and potential applications in organic synthesis, expanding the scope of cyclic chemistry.

Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Synthetic Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Three-membered carbocycles like cyclopropanes are vital in natural products and pharmaceuticals.
  • Incorporating heteroatoms into small rings reveals unique electronic and reactive properties.
  • Recent advances in low-valent aluminum chemistry enable the synthesis of aluminacycles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of three-membered aluminacycle chemistry.
  • To highlight synthetic methodologies, structural characteristics, and reactivity patterns.
  • To underscore the potential of aluminacycles in chemical synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on the synthesis of aluminacycles.
  • Analysis of spectroscopic and structural data of aluminacycles.

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Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
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  • Discussion of reactivity studies involving aluminacycles and various substrates.

    • Main Results:

    • Established synthetic routes to diverse three-membered aluminacycles.
    • Detailed characterization of their unique electronic and geometric structures.
    • Demonstrated reactivity of aluminacycles as versatile synthons.

    Conclusions:

    • Three-membered aluminacycles represent a novel class of compounds with significant synthetic potential.
    • Their unique properties offer new avenues for constructing complex molecules.
    • Further exploration of aluminacycle chemistry is warranted for broader applications.