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Severity outcomes associated with SARS-CoV-2 XBB variants, an observational analysis
Eili Y Klein1, Amary Fall2, Julie M Norton2
1Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; One Health Trust, Washington, DC, USA.
Summary
The study found no increased risk of hospitalization or need for oxygen in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 XBB variants. However, older age, lack of vaccination, and certain underlying health conditions were linked to severe outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- The rapid emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) XBB variants has raised concerns regarding their potential impact on disease severity.
- Understanding the clinical implications of these new variants is crucial for public health strategies and patient management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the association between infection with SARS-CoV-2 XBB variants and the likelihood of hospital admission or requirement for supplemental oxygen.
- To identify risk factors for severe outcomes in patients infected during the Omicron wave.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from patients diagnosed with Omicron infections between September 2022 and mid-February 2023.
- The study evaluated the rates of hospital admission and need for supplemental oxygen in patients infected with XBB variants compared to other Omicron sublineages.
Main Results:
- No significant association was found between infection with XBB or XBB.1.5 variants and hospital admission.
- Significant associations with hospitalization were observed for older age groups, lack of vaccination, immunosuppression, and pre-existing heart, kidney, or lung disease.
Conclusions:
- Infection with SARS-CoV-2 XBB variants does not appear to increase the risk of hospitalization or need for supplemental oxygen.
- Risk factors for severe COVID-19 outcomes remain consistent, emphasizing the importance of vaccination and management of underlying health conditions.
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