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Modeling Effort-Based Decision Making: Individual Differences in Schizophrenia and Major Depressive Disorder
Sarah Saperia1, Daniel Felsky2, Susana Da Silva3
1Schizophrenia Division and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Slaight Family Centre for Youth in Transition, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Summary
Effort-based decision-making shows individual differences in schizophrenia and depression. Lower information use in some participants correlated with amotivation, symptoms, and cognitive issues.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Neuroscience
- Psychiatry
- Behavioral Economics
Background:
- Effort-based decision making is crucial for motivation, involving cost-benefit analysis.
- Understanding this process in schizophrenia and major depressive disorder is key to explaining aberrant choice behavior.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize individual differences in cost-benefit computations for effort-based decision making.
- To explore transdiagnostic subgroups based on information utilization in these disorders.
Main Methods:
- 145 participants (schizophrenia, depression, controls) completed the Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task.
- Mixed effects modeling and k-means clustering identified subgroups based on reward, probability, and cost utilization.
Main Results:
- Two distinct clusters emerged, not differing by diagnostic group.
- One cluster showed significantly lower information utilization, correlating with older age, cognitive impairment, amotivation, and depressive symptoms.
Conclusions:
- Individual differences in utilizing cost-benefit information exist across schizophrenia, depression, and healthy controls.
- Findings may inform individualized treatments for motivation deficits in these conditions.
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