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Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Theranostics in Hematooncology.

Andreas K Buck1, Sebastian E Serfling2, Sabrina Kraus3

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Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine
|June 8, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Radioimmunotherapy and CXCR4-targeted imaging are advancing hematooncology. These theranostic approaches improve cancer detection and treatment, including for acute myeloid leukemia and lymphoma.

Keywords:
C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4CXCR4hematooncologylymphomaradioimmunotherapytheranostics

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Nuclear Medicine

Background:

  • Antibody-mediated radioimmunotherapy has shown favorable outcomes for hematologic neoplasms since the early 2000s.
  • Approved therapies include 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan and 131I-tositumomab for specific lymphoma types.
  • Emerging applications involve C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4)-directed imaging and therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the current advancements in theranostics for hematooncology.
  • To highlight emerging clinical applications of CXCR4-targeted molecular imaging and radioligand therapy.
  • To discuss the role of theranostics in patient selection and treatment planning for hematologic malignancies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of major clinical trials and FDA-approved radioimmunotherapies (e.g., 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan, 131I-tositumomab).
  • Analysis of interim results from the SIERRA phase III trial for 131I-anti-CD45 antibodies (Iomab-B) in acute myeloid leukemia.
  • Exploration of CXCR4-directed PET/CT for disease detection and patient selection for radioligand therapy.

Main Results:

  • Radioimmunotherapy has led to FDA approvals for treating refractory lymphomas.
  • 131I-anti-CD45 antibodies show beneficial effects in relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia.
  • CXCR4-directed PET/CT and radioligand therapy demonstrate efficacy in lymphoma, including bone marrow ablation and facilitating stem cell transplantation.

Conclusions:

  • Theranostics in hematooncology have expanded significantly, offering improved diagnostic and therapeutic options.
  • Image-piloted radioligand therapy targeting CXCR4 provides robust antilymphoma efficacy and enables stem cell transplantation.
  • Emerging theranostic strategies hold promise for enhanced management of hematologic malignancies.