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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Spectroscopy: Effects of Temperature01:27

Atomic Spectroscopy: Effects of Temperature

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Atomization, converting samples into gas-phase atoms and ions, is essential for atomic spectroscopy. The flame temperature required for atomization affects the efficiency of the atomic spectroscopic methods by increasing the atomization efficiency and the relative population of the excited and ground states.
At thermal equilibrium, the relative populations of excited and ground state atoms can be estimated using the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution. For example, an increase in temperature...
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Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

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A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
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¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR01:15

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR

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The axial and equatorial protons in cyclohexane can be distinguished by performing a variable-temperature NMR experiment. In this process, except for one proton, the remaining eleven protons are replaced by deuterium. The deuterium substitution avoids the possible peak splitting caused by the spin-spin coupling between the adjacent protons. The remaining proton flips between the axial and equatorial positions.
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Thermal strain is a concept that arises when we consider how temperature changes affect structures. Unlike the conventional assumption that structures remain constant under load, real-world scenarios often involve temperature fluctuations that can significantly impact these structures. Consider a homogeneous rod with a uniform cross-section resting freely on a flat horizontal surface. If the rod's temperature increases, the rod elongates. This elongation is proportional to the temperature...
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Investigation of Early Plasma Evolution Induced by Ultrashort Laser Pulses
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Published on: July 2, 2012

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Ultralow-Temperature SnO

Liguo Gao1, Zhen He1, Ke Zeng1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 116023, Dalian, China.

Chemsuschem
|June 8, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tin oxide (SnO2) electron transport layers fabricated using intermediate-controlled chemical bath deposition (IC-CBD) at low temperatures improve perovskite solar cell performance and stability. This novel method results in fewer defects and better interfacial contact for efficient solar energy conversion.

Keywords:
Chemical Bath DepositionIntermediate-controlledPerovskite Solar CellsSnO2 electron transport layersUltralow-temperature

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Renewable Energy
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Tin oxide (SnO2) is a crucial electron transport layer (ETL) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to its high carrier mobility, suitable band alignment, and optical transparency.
  • Efficient ETLs are vital for enhancing the performance and stability of PSCs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an ultralow-temperature fabrication method for SnO2 ETLs using intermediate-controlled chemical bath deposition (IC-CBD).
  • To investigate the impact of IC-CBD on the structural and electronic properties of SnO2 ETLs.
  • To evaluate the performance and stability of PSCs incorporating IC-CBD derived SnO2 ETLs.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of SnO2 ETLs via intermediate-controlled chemical bath deposition (IC-CBD) at ultralow temperatures.
  • Utilizing a chelating agent to control nucleation and growth during SnO2 deposition.
  • Characterization of SnO2 ETLs for defects, surface morphology, crystallinity, and interfacial contact with perovskite.
  • Fabrication and testing of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) using the developed SnO2 ETLs.

Main Results:

  • IC-CBD method yielded SnO2 ETLs with significantly lower defect densities compared to conventional CBD.
  • The fabricated SnO2 ETLs exhibited a smoother surface, improved crystallinity, and superior interfacial contact with the perovskite layer.
  • PSCs employing IC-CBD derived SnO2 ETLs achieved a high power conversion efficiency of 23.17%.
  • Enhanced device stability was observed in PSCs utilizing the IC-CBD fabricated SnO2 ETLs.

Conclusions:

  • Intermediate-controlled chemical bath deposition (IC-CBD) is an effective ultralow-temperature strategy for fabricating high-quality SnO2 ETLs.
  • The improved properties of IC-CBD derived SnO2 ETLs directly contribute to enhanced perovskite film quality, photovoltaic performance, and device stability.
  • This work presents a promising approach for scalable and efficient manufacturing of perovskite solar cells.