Immune-related adverse events secondary to immunotherapy in oncology: A guide for general practice

Immunotherapy has reshaped the prognoses for many cancers and is increasingly used in both metastatic and adjuvant settings. There is a high prevalence of immunotherapy side effects, or immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which can affect any organ. Some irAEs can cause permanent or prolonged morbidity and, in rare cases, may be fatal. irAEs can present with mild, non-specific symptoms, resulting in delays to identification and management.

We aim to provide a general overview of immunotherapy and irAEs, highlighting common clinical scenarios and general principles of management.

Cancer immunotherapy toxicity is an important clinical problem that is increasingly relevant to general practice, where patients with adverse events may first present. Early diagnosis and timely intervention are important in limiting the severity and morbidity of these toxicities. The management of irAEs should follow treatment guidelines, in consultation with patients' treating oncology teams.