Rare-Earth-Modified Metal-Organic Frameworks and Derivatives for Photo/Electrocatalysis

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their derivatives have attracted much attention in the field of photo/electrocatalysis owing to their ultrahigh porosity, tunable properties, and superior coordination ability. Regulating the valence electronic structure and coordination environment of MOFs is an effective way to enhance their intrinsic catalytic performance. Rare earth (RE) elements with 4f orbital occupancy provide an opportunity to evoke electron rearrangement, accelerate charged carrier transport, and synergize the surface adsorption of catalysts. Therefore, the integration of RE with MOFs makes it possible to optimize their electronic structure and coordination environment, resulting in enhanced catalytic performance. In this review, progress in current research on the use of RE-modified MOFs and their derivatives for photo/electrocatalysis is summarized and discussed. First, the theoretical advantages of RE in MOF modification are introduced, with a focus on the roles of 4f orbital occupancy and RE ion organic coordination ligands. Then, the application of RE-modified MOFs and their derivatives in photo/electrocatalysis is systematically discussed. Finally, research challenges, future opportunities, and prospects for RE-MOFs are also discussed.