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Cardiovascular involvement in Epstein-Barr virus infection

Xinying Chen1, Yingying Li2, Lijun Deng1,2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.

Frontiers in Immunology
|June 9, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Cardiovascular complications from Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, including coronary artery issues and myocarditis, are severe but rare. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial for better outcomes in EBV-related heart damage.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection can lead to uncommon but severe cardiovascular complications.
  • These complications, including coronary artery dilation (CAD) and myocarditis, have a poor prognosis if not managed promptly.
  • Current understanding and clinical guidance for EBV-associated cardiovascular damage are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize current knowledge on cardiovascular damage associated with EBV infection.
  • To provide an overview of the pathogenesis, classification, treatment, and prognosis of these complications.
  • To enhance clinical recognition and management of EBV-related cardiovascular issues.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cardiovascular manifestations of Epstein-Barr virus infection.
  • Synthesis of data regarding pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and diagnostic approaches.
  • Compilation of current treatment strategies and prognostic factors.

Main Results:

  • Cardiovascular involvement in EBV infection presents diverse manifestations like CAD, coronary artery aneurysm (CAA), myocarditis, arrhythmias, and heart failure.
  • Untreated cardiovascular damage can progress, leading to significant mortality.
  • There is a need for more large-scale data and evidence-based guidelines for effective management.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiovascular complications of EBV infection require increased clinical attention due to their severity and potential for poor outcomes.
  • Early diagnosis and intervention are key to improving prognosis and reducing mortality.
  • This review aims to support clinicians in recognizing and managing these challenging cases.

Keywords:
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)cardiovascular damagecoronary artery lesions (CALs)immune injurymyocarditis

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