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Steel Manufacturing01:26

Steel Manufacturing

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Steel manufacturing is a multi-stage process that begins by smelting iron ore into cast iron in a blast furnace. This initial stage involves layering iron ore with coke, a type of fuel, and crushed limestone within the furnace. The coke is ignited with a high volume of air, leading to the creation of carbon monoxide, which acts to reduce the iron ore to pure iron.
During this smelting process, limestone plays a crucial role by forming slag. Slag captures impurities within the molten iron, such...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 27, 2025

Author Spotlight: Optimization of Airflow Velocities in Battery Cooling Systems for Enhanced Thermal Performance and Reduced Energy Consumption
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Parameters optimization of Fe

Md Rajibul Akanda1, Md Al-Amin1, Masrifa Akter Mele1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh.

Heliyon
|June 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Green synthesis of iron (II,III) oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) using Tamarindus indica leaf extract offers a sustainable method. These Fe3O4 NPs exhibit significant peroxidase activity and dye removal capabilities, making them suitable for biomedical applications.

Keywords:
Dye removal activityFe3O4 nanoparticleGreen synthesisPeroxidase activityTamarindus indica leaf Extract

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Area of Science:

  • Green Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Nanoparticles synthesis often involves hazardous chemicals.
  • Biocompatible and eco-friendly synthesis methods are in demand.
  • Plant extracts offer a sustainable source for nanoparticle synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To optimize green synthesis conditions for iron (II,III) oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) using Tamarindus indica leaf extract.
  • To characterize the synthesized Fe3O4 NPs.
  • To evaluate the peroxidase-like activity and dye removal capacity of the Fe3O4 NPs.

Main Methods:

  • Optimization of synthesis parameters including leaf extract concentration, solvent, buffer, electrolyte, pH, and time.
  • Characterization using UV-visible spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).
  • Assay of peroxidase activity using 3,3,5,5-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) oxidation and dye removal using malachite green (MG).

Main Results:

  • Optimized conditions yielded Fe3O4 NPs with an approximate size of 80 ± 3 nm.
  • UV-visible spectroscopy showed an absorption peak between 270-280 nm.
  • Synthesized NPs demonstrated potent peroxidase activity and high dye removal capacity (93% under UV light, 55% under room light).

Conclusions:

  • Tamarindus indica leaf extract provides a viable and green route for Fe3O4 NP synthesis.
  • The synthesized Fe3O4 NPs are a practical alternative for biomedical applications.
  • The NPs possess significant catalytic activity for pollutant degradation and potential in biosensing.