Parameters optimization of Fe

This study reports optimized conditions for the green synthesis of iron (II,III) oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) from Tamarindus indica (T. indica) leaf extract. The synthetic parameters like concentration of leaf extract, solvent system, buffer, electrolyte, pH, and time were optimized for Fe3O4 NPs synthesis. Fe3O4 NPs were obtained from the synthesis protocol by measuring size (80 ± 3 nm approx.), characteristics color changes, and an absorption peak between 270 nm and 280 nm using a UV-visible spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) study. Peroxidase activity was tested with 3,3,5,5-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) oxidation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and dye removal activity was tested with malachite green (MG). The results indicated that the successful synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of T. indica is a practical alternative for biomedical applications due to its potent peroxidase activity and high dye removal capacity (about 93% with UV light and 55% with room light).