Iridoids and active ones in

Area of Science:

• Natural Product Chemistry
• Pharmacology
• Medicinal Chemistry

Background:

• Iridoids are monoterpenoids with a bicyclic ring structure, commonly found in plant families like Valerianaceae.
• These compounds possess diverse biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and neuroprotective effects.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review iridoids isolated from the genus Patrinia over the past 20 years.
• To summarize the biological activities and underlying mechanisms of active iridoids from Patrinia.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on studies published within the last two decades.
• Identification and characterization of iridoid compounds from Patrinia species.
• Analysis of reported biological activities and mechanistic studies.

Main Results:

• A total of 115 iridoids have been identified in Patrinia.
• 48 of these iridoids demonstrate significant biological activities, primarily anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and neuroprotective.
• Key signaling pathways involved include MAPK, NF-κB, and JNK.

Conclusions:

• Patrinia is a rich source of bioactive iridoids with potential therapeutic applications.
• The identified iridoids exert their effects through modulation of critical cellular signaling pathways.
• Further research into Patrinia iridoids could lead to the development of novel pharmaceuticals.