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Related Concept Videos

Sanger Sequencing01:57

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DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
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RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
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Updated: Jul 27, 2025

Ultra-long Read Sequencing for Whole Genomic DNA Analysis
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Genome sequencing of

Nashwa Tarek1,2, Ahmed F Azmy3, Ahmed S Khairalla3,4

  • 1Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt.

Heliyon
|June 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Enterococcus faecium NT04, isolated from a healthy oral cavity, shows probiotic potential. Genomic analysis confirmed genes for antimicrobial compounds, supporting its use against oral pathogens.

Keywords:
Enterococcus faeciumOral cavityProbioticsWGS

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genomics
  • Probiotics

Background:

  • The oral microbiome plays a crucial role in health and disease.
  • Identifying beneficial bacteria with probiotic properties is essential for oral health.
  • Enterococcus faecium is found in the human oral cavity, but its probiotic potential requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate and characterize a novel probiotic bacterium from a healthy adult oral cavity.
  • To investigate the genomic basis of the probiotic and antagonistic properties of the isolated strain.
  • To evaluate the potential of the isolate as a candidate for anti-oral pathogen probiotics.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and identification of oral bacteria using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
  • Whole genome sequencing of the identified strain (Enterococcus faecium NT04).
  • Bioinformatic analysis for gene annotation, identification of metabolic pathways, and virulence factors.

Main Results:

  • The isolated bacterium was identified as Enterococcus faecium NT04.
  • Genomic analysis revealed genes encoding bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (Enterocin A and B), antioxidants, and vitamins.
  • The genome lacked pathogenicity islands and plasmid insertions, indicating host colonization rather than invasion virulence.

Conclusions:

  • Enterococcus faecium NT04 possesses significant probiotic and antimicrobial properties.
  • The genomic profile supports the strain's potential as a safe and effective probiotic agent against oral pathogens.
  • Further research can explore its application in oral health products.