Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 27, 2025
Author Spotlight: Investigating Immune Cell Dynamics in the Tumor Microenvironment — Challenges and Innovations in Cancer Prognosis
Published on: April 12, 2024
Liver Segment Disposition of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Predicts Microvascular Invasion
Arnold Nongmoh Forlemu1, Raissa Nana Sede Mbakop2, Praneeth Bandaru1
1Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
Background:
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality. Findings of microvascular invasion (MVI) in patients with HCC have emerged as an important prognostic factor for poor survival after tumor resection.
Aim:
This study evaluated the relation between MVI and HCC within various anatomical Couinaud's segments of the liver.
Method:
A multicenter retrospective review of HCC records was conducted from 2012 to 2017. HCC cases were identified using ICD-9 and 10 codes 155, C22.0, and C22.8. HCC patients who underwent liver transplants were included in this study. Liver segment of the location of HCC was obtained from radiographic records, and MVI information was obtained from pathology reports. Segmental distributions of HCC in MVI versus non-MVI groups were compared using Wilcoxon rank sum tests. p value was set at <0.05.
Results:
We analyzed 120 HCC patients who underwent liver transplantation. The mean age of our cohort was 57 years, and the most common etiology of liver disease was hepatitis C at 58.3%. The median HCC size was 3.1 cm, and MVI was present in 23.3% of the explanted specimens. MVI was 2 to 3 times significantly higher in patients with HCC affecting segments 2 and 3 and segments 4b and 5 (p = 0.01). Moreover, median survival was significantly lower in patients with MVI versus those without MVI (50 vs. 137 months, p < 0.05).
Conclusion:
MVI was significantly higher in HCC tumors located in liver segments 2 and 3 and 4b and 5, and survival was lower in patients with MVI compared with those without.
