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CRISPR and crRNAs

CRISPR and crRNAs

Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...

CRISPR

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...

The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR

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CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this...

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 27, 2025

Designing, Packaging, and Delivery of High Titer CRISPR Retro and Lentiviruses via Stereotaxic Injection

Designing, Packaging, and Delivery of High Titer CRISPR Retro and Lentiviruses via Stereotaxic Injection

Published on: May 23, 2016

CRISPR-based engineering of RNA viruses.

Artem Nemudryi¹, Anna Nemudraia¹, Joseph E Nichols¹

¹Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University; Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology

|June 9, 2023

Summary

CRISPR technology now allows precise RNA editing by combining sequence-specific cleavage with programmable repair. This breakthrough enables new recombinant RNA technology for engineering RNA viruses.

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Last Updated: Jul 27, 2025

Designing, Packaging, and Delivery of High Titer CRISPR Retro and Lentiviruses via Stereotaxic Injection

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Published on: May 23, 2016

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Substrate Generation for Endonucleases of CRISPR/Cas Systems

Substrate Generation for Endonucleases of CRISPR/Cas Systems

Published on: September 8, 2012

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Biotechnology
Virology

Background:

CRISPR RNA-guided endonucleases have revolutionized precise DNA editing.
Current methods for direct RNA editing are limited, hindering research and therapeutic applications.

Approach:

Developed a novel method combining CRISPR-Cas ribonucleases for sequence-specific RNA cleavage.
Integrated programmable RNA repair mechanisms to introduce precise deletions and insertions into RNA molecules.

Key Points:

Successfully demonstrated precise RNA deletions and insertions using the combined CRISPR-repair system.
Established a new recombinant RNA technology platform.
The technology offers facile engineering of RNA viruses.

Conclusions:

This work overcomes limitations in RNA editing, providing a powerful new tool.
The developed recombinant RNA technology has significant potential for RNA virus engineering and synthetic biology.