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Amino acids03:42

Amino acids

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Amino acids are the monomers that comprise proteins. Each amino acid has the same fundamental structure, which consists of a central carbon atom, or the alpha (α) carbon, bonded to an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), and to a hydrogen atom. Every amino acid also has another atom or group of atoms bonded to the central atom known as the R group. There are 20 common amino acids present in proteins, each with a different R group. Variation in the amino acid sequence is responsible...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 27, 2025

Sedimentation Equilibrium of a Small Oligomer-forming Membrane Protein: Effect of Histidine Protonation on Pentameric Stability
09:49

Sedimentation Equilibrium of a Small Oligomer-forming Membrane Protein: Effect of Histidine Protonation on Pentameric Stability

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The small acid-soluble proteins of

Hailee N Nerber1, Marko Baloh1, Joshua N Brehm1

  • 1Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|June 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Clostridioides difficile small acid-soluble proteins (SASPs) are crucial for forming resilient bacterial endospores. These proteins, SspA and SspB, are essential for spore cortex development and survival.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacterial spore formation
  • Clostridioides difficile pathogenesis

Background:

  • Clostridioides difficile transmission depends on dormant endospores.
  • Small acid-soluble proteins (SASPs) protect spores from UV damage and are vital for maturation.
  • Previous work identified C. difficile SspA and SspB as essential for spore formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of C. difficile SspA and SspB in spore cortex formation.
  • To identify genetic suppressors of SASP-deficient sporulation mutants.
  • To explore the connection between SASPs and the SpoIVB2 protease in sporulation.

Main Methods:

  • EMS mutagenesis selection strategy was employed.
  • Sporulation defects in SASP mutants were analyzed.

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  • Genetic analysis of suppressor mutations was performed.

    • Main Results:

    • C. difficile sspA and sspB genes are required for spore cortex layer formation.
    • Mutations in CDR20291_0714 (spoIVB2) suppressed sporulation defects in SASP mutants.
    • A link between the SpoIVB2 protease and SASPs in the sporulation pathway was revealed.

    Conclusions:

    • SASPs are essential for the structural integrity of the C. difficile spore cortex.
    • The SpoIVB2 protease interacts with SASPs, influencing the sporulation pathway.
    • This study supports the hypothesis that SASPs can regulate gene expression during sporulation.