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In Vitro Assay of Bacterial Adhesion onto Mammalian Epithelial Cells
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Flagellin is essential for initial attachment to mucosal surfaces by Clostridioides difficile.

Ben Sidner, Armando Lerma, Baishakhi Biswas

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    Clostridioides difficile uses its flagella to attach to host mucins, a key step in colonizing the gastrointestinal tract. This bacterial adhesion varies depending on the mucin source, impacting infection.

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    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Glycobiology
    • Host-Pathogen Interactions

    Background:

    • Mucosal surfaces act as a barrier against microbes but also as attachment points.
    • Clostridioides difficile colonization is essential for disease, yet its interaction mechanisms with host mucins are unclear.
    • Understanding C. difficile adhesion is crucial for preventing gastrointestinal infections.

    Approach:

    • Investigated Clostridioides difficile adhesion to ex vivo mammalian mucosal surfaces.
    • Assessed bacterial binding to mucins from different tissue sources (human LS174T, porcine gastric).
    • Utilized mutant strains deficient in flagella and type IV pili to identify adhesion factors.

    Key Points:

    • C. difficile adhesion significantly varied based on the origin of host mucins.
    • Highest binding occurred with mucins from human LS174T cells; lowest with porcine gastric mucin.
    • Flagella, not type IV pili, were crucial for C. difficile attachment to mucins.

    Conclusions:

    • Host mucin-epithelial interactions, particularly involving C. difficile flagella, are critical for initial colonization.
    • Flagellar-mucin interactions facilitate Clostridioides difficile attachment to host cells and mucus.
    • This study elucidates a key molecular mechanism in C. difficile gastrointestinal colonization.