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    Dietary simple carbohydrates fuel the growth of harmful gut bacteria like Klebsiella pneumoniae, while fiber protects against them by restoring beneficial gut microbes.

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    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Gastroenterology
    • Nutritional Science

    Background:

    • Gut microbiota dysbiosis is linked to numerous diseases.
    • Enterobacteriaceae overgrowth, including Klebsiella pneumoniae, is a hallmark of dysbiosis.
    • Dietary interventions can resolve dysbiosis, but specific nutrient roles are unclear.

    Approach:

    • Investigated dietary nutrient roles in Enterobacteriaceae growth using human samples, ex-vivo, and in vivo models.
    • Challenged the hypothesis that nitrogen limits Enterobacteriaceae growth.
    • Identified simple carbohydrates and dietary fiber as key factors in gut colonization and resistance.

    Key Points:

    • Nitrogen is not a limiting nutrient for gut Enterobacteriaceae growth.
    • Dietary simple carbohydrates are critical for Klebsiella pneumoniae colonization.
    • Dietary fiber promotes colonization resistance against K. pneumoniae by restoring commensal microbiota.

    Conclusions:

    • Dietary simple carbohydrates promote dysbiosis by fueling pathogenic bacteria.
    • Dietary fiber enhances gut barrier function and immunity against pathogens.
    • Targeted dietary strategies focusing on carbohydrates and fiber could treat dysbiosis-associated diseases.