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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

16
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

1.7K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

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Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

11
Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
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Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

17
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

25
Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 27, 2025

A Surgical Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Tibetan Minipigs
07:09

A Surgical Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Tibetan Minipigs

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Proteomic Pathways across Ejection Fraction Spectrum in Heart Failure: an EXSCEL Substudy.

Anthony E Peters, Maggie Nguyen, Jennifer B Green

    Medrxiv : the Preprint Server for Health Sciences
    |June 9, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary

    Heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) appears biologically similar to HF with preserved EF (HFpEF), differing from HF with reduced EF (HFrEF). Biomarkers may predict prognosis and treatment response in HFmrEF.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Proteomics
    • Biomarkers

    Background:

    • Ejection fraction (EF) is crucial for heart failure (HF) classification, including HF with mildly reduced EF (HFmrEF).
    • The distinct biological basis of HFmrEF compared to HF with preserved EF (HFpEF) and HF with reduced EF (HFrEF) remains poorly understood.

    Conclusions:

    • HFmrEF shares significant proteomic similarities with HFpEF, suggesting a closer biological relationship than with HFrEF.
    • Specific protein biomarkers may offer insights into HFmrEF prognosis and response to pharmacotherapy, with potential for exenatide treatment modification.