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Plasmid-encoded trimethoprim resistance in staphylococci.

G L Archer, J P Coughter, J L Johnston

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

|May 1, 1986

Summary

High-level trimethoprim resistance is emerging in staphylococci, often plasmid-encoded and transferable. This antimicrobial resistance gene may spread in hospital-acquired infections due to its conjugative nature.

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Area of Science:

Microbiology
Molecular Biology
Antimicrobial Resistance

Background:

High-level trimethoprim resistance (Tpr) was observed in coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus in US hospitals.
Resistance was frequently plasmid-encoded and transferable via conjugation in these staphylococcal isolates.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the genetic basis and prevalence of trimethoprim resistance in staphylococci.
To determine the transferability and potential spread of trimethoprim resistance genes.

Main Methods:

Prevalence screening of trimethoprim resistance in staphylococcal isolates.
Plasmid DNA analysis, conjugation experiments, and gene cloning.
DNA hybridization techniques to identify homologous sequences.

Main Results:

17% of coagulase-negative staphylococci and 10% of S. aureus exhibited high-level trimethoprim resistance.
Trimethoprim resistance genes were transferable in a significant proportion of resistant isolates.
A cloned 1.2-kilobase DNA segment conferred high-level trimethoprim resistance in E. coli, confirming its role.
Homology was found with various staphylococcal plasmids and chromosomal DNA, but not with gram-negative Tpr genes.

Conclusions:

Plasmid-encoded trimethoprim resistance is a significant finding in staphylococci.
The conjugative nature of these resistance genes suggests a potential for increased prevalence in nosocomial infections.
This represents a relatively new threat in staphylococcal antimicrobial resistance.

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