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Neurocognitive and neurophysiological endophenotypes in schizophrenia: An overview
Francesco Luciano Donati1,2,3, Armando D'Agostino1,2, Fabio Ferrarelli3
1Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry
|June 9, 2023
Summary
Schizophrenia (SCZ) research explores endophenotypes, biological markers linked to genetic vulnerability. This study reviews neurocognitive, neurophysiological, and sleep-based markers to understand SCZ
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychiatry
- Genetics
Background:
- Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe psychotic disorder affecting 1% of the US population.
- SCZ is characterized by progressive social and cognitive impairment.
- The underlying pathophysiology and biological mechanisms of SCZ remain largely unknown.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an overview of established schizophrenia endophenotypes.
- To explore novel sleep-based measures as potential SCZ endophenotypes.
- To discuss advances that may lead to personalized SCZ treatments.
Main Methods:
- Review of established SCZ endophenotypes in neurocognition (attention, memory).
- Review of established SCZ endophenotypes in neurophysiology (pre-pulse inhibition, anti-saccade, ERPs).
- Inclusion of novel sleep-based measures (sleep spindles, slow waves).
Main Results:
- Identified key neurocognitive deficits including attention deficits and memory dysfunctions.
- Highlighted neurophysiological impairments such as pre-pulse inhibition deficits and anti-saccade impairments.
- Introduced reduced sleep spindles and slow waves as novel potential endophenotypes.
Conclusions:
- Endophenotypes offer valuable insights into the neurobiology of schizophrenia.
- Neurocognitive, neurophysiological, and sleep-based markers are crucial for understanding SCZ.
- Advances in endophenotype research may facilitate personalized treatment strategies for SCZ.
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