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New Insights on the Mechanisms of Myocardial Injury in Hypertensive Patients With COVID-19

Renata Moll-Bernardes1, Juliana R Ferreira1,2, Eduardo B Schaustz1

  • 1D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, 22281100, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Journal of Clinical Immunology
|June 9, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Hypertension and COVID-19 can cause myocardial injury. Immune biomarkers like lymphopenia and specific CD8+ cell markers are associated with this cardiac damage in affected patients.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Myocardial injury is a frequent complication in hypertensive patients with COVID-19.
  • The precise mechanisms linking immune dysregulation to cardiac injury in this population remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate immune system alterations associated with myocardial injury in hypertensive patients hospitalized with COVID-19.
  • To identify potential immune biomarkers for cardiac damage in this patient group.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective, multicenter study comparing hypertensive COVID-19 patients with (cases) and without (controls) myocardial injury.
  • Quantification of biomarkers and immune cell subsets.
  • Multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify associations with myocardial injury.

Main Results:

  • Cases exhibited lower total lymphocyte counts and specific T cell subset percentages compared to controls.
  • Elevated levels of natural killer lymphocytes and specific CD8+ cell activation markers (CD8+CD38+MFI, CD8+HLA-DR+MFI) were observed in cases.
  • Multivariate analysis confirmed associations between CD8+HLA-DR+MFI, CD8+CD38+MFI, and total lymphocyte count with myocardial injury.

Conclusions:

  • Lymphopenia, CD8+CD38+MFI, and CD8+HLA-DR+MFI serve as immune biomarkers for myocardial injury in hypertensive COVID-19 patients.
  • These immune signatures may elucidate mechanisms of cardiac injury and inform treatment strategies.
  • Further research could lead to improved management of cardiovascular complications in this vulnerable population.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19Troponinhypertensionimmune systemmyocardial injury

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