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Related Concept Videos

Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

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Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
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Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

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Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
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Development of the Lymphatic System01:15

Development of the Lymphatic System

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The development of lymphatic tissues and vessels in embryonic life begins around the fifth week. These structures originate from the mesoderm layer, with lymph sacs emerging from developing veins.
The first lymph sacs to form are the paired jugular lymph sacs located at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. From these sacs, lymphatic capillary plexuses extend to the thorax, upper limbs, neck, and head, eventually forming lymphatic vessels. Each jugular lymph sac maintains a...
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Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

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Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
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Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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End of Methotrexate for CNS Prophylaxis in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.

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Author Spotlight: Advancing the Detection of Low-Frequency Mutations in Cancer Tissues
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Update on follicular lymphoma.

Jonathan W Friedberg1

  • 1Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA.

Hematological Oncology
|June 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Significant advancements in follicular lymphoma treatment have led to longer remission durations for many patients. Recent progress includes improved prognostics and novel immunotherapies, offering hope for a cure.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Immunotherapy

Background:

  • Follicular lymphoma was historically incurable, but recent decades show significant treatment progress.
  • Long-term follow-up indicates up to 40% of patients achieve 10+ year remission durations.
  • The risk of mortality from follicular lymphoma continues to decrease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in follicular lymphoma management over the past three years.
  • To highlight progress in staging, prognosis, and novel treatment strategies.
  • To discuss ongoing research and future directions toward a precision management approach.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent clinical trials and long-term follow-up data.
  • Analysis of updated staging and prognostic factors.
Keywords:
bone marrow biopsyfollicular lymphomaimmunotherapylong-term outcomesprognosis

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  • Evaluation of novel immunotherapy approaches for relapsed/refractory disease.

    • Main Results:

    • Refined staging and prognostic tools are improving patient stratification.
    • Novel immunotherapies show promise for relapsed and refractory follicular lymphoma.
    • Long-term data from pivotal trials confirm durable remissions in a significant patient subset.

    Conclusions:

    • Follicular lymphoma management has evolved, with increasing long-term remission rates.
    • Ongoing trials are investigating optimal sequencing of novel therapies for potential cure.
    • The future of follicular lymphoma treatment aims for a precision management strategy.