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Updated: Jul 27, 2025
11:03
An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
Published on: December 4, 2017
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Does a Quark-Gluon Plasma Feature an Extended Hydrodynamic Regime?
1Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
Physical Review Letters
|June 9, 2023
Summary
We found an extended hydrodynamic regime (EHR) in quark-gluon plasma (QGP) where sound modes dominate. This regime, observed in liquids, is described by a new theory (MIS*) applicable to heavy-ion collisions.
Area of Science:
- High-energy nuclear physics
- Condensed matter physics
Background:
- The quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is a state of matter studied in heavy-ion collisions.
- Understanding QGP's response to perturbations beyond traditional hydrodynamics is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the QGP's response to perturbations at nonhydrodynamic gradients.
- To identify conditions where sound modes dominate the medium's response.
- To explore the existence and description of an extended hydrodynamic regime (EHR) in QGP.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of weakly coupled kinetic theory using the relaxation time approximation (RTA).
- Investigation of strongly coupled N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills (SYM) theory.
- Development and application of an extended Müller-Israel-Stewart (MIS*) theory.
Main Results:
- Demonstrated the existence of an EHR in both RTA and SYM theory.
- Showed that sound modes dominate the medium response within this EHR.
- Validated the MIS* theory in describing the EHR for both theoretical frameworks.
Conclusions:
- The EHR is a viable regime for QGP studies.
- The MIS* theory provides a suitable framework for describing the EHR in QGP.
- MIS* equations can guide experimental searches for QGP EHR in heavy-ion collisions.
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