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Related Concept Videos

Accelerating Fluids01:17

Accelerating Fluids

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When a fluid is in constant acceleration, the pressure and buoyant force equations are modified. Suppose a beaker is placed in an elevator accelerating upward with a constant acceleration, a. In the beaker, assume there is a thin cylinder of height h with an infinitesimal cross-sectional area, ΔS.
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The vapor pressure of a fluid is a crucial concept in fluid mechanics, influencing phenomena such as boiling and cavitation. Vapor pressure refers to the pressure exerted by a vapor at a state of thermodynamic equilibrium with its corresponding liquid phase at a specific temperature. It represents the tendency of molecules to escape from the fluid surface into the vapor phase.
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The shape of a small drop of liquid can be considered spherical, neglecting the effect of gravity. This drop can further be considered as two equal hemispherical drops put together due to surface tension. The forces acting on the spherical drop are due to the pressure of the liquid inside the drop, the pressure due to air outside the drop, and the force due to the surface tension acting on the two hemispherical drops.
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Noble Gases02:54

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The elements in group 18 are noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon). They earned the name “noble” because they were assumed to be nonreactive since they have filled valence shells. In 1962, Dr. Neil Bartlett at the University of British Columbia proved this assumption to be false.
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Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
Surface tension varies...
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In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...
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Cryogenic Liquid Jets for High Repetition Rate Discovery Science
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Superfluid Helium Drops Levitated in High Vacuum.

C D Brown1,2, Y Wang3, M Namazi1,2

  • 1Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|June 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Millimeter-scale superfluid helium drops were trapped indefinitely in a vacuum, cooling to 330 mK. These isolated drops exhibit internal mechanical damping and host optical whispering gallery modes.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Quantum Fluids
  • Optomechanics

Background:

  • Superfluid helium is a quantum fluid with unique properties.
  • Trapping and isolating small quantities of superfluid helium is experimentally challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the trapping of millimeter-scale superfluid helium drops in high vacuum.
  • To investigate the properties of these isolated superfluid drops.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a novel technique to trap millimeter-scale superfluid helium drops.
  • Maintaining high vacuum conditions for extended trapping periods.
  • Measuring cooling by evaporation and mechanical damping.

Main Results:

  • Successfully trapped superfluid helium drops indefinitely.
  • Achieved ultralow temperatures of 330 mK through evaporative cooling.
  • Observed mechanical damping limited by internal superfluid processes.
  • Demonstrated the hosting of optical whispering gallery modes.

Conclusions:

  • The developed trapping technique provides isolated, ultracold superfluid helium.
  • This system offers new experimental possibilities in cold chemistry, superfluid physics, and optomechanics.