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Related Concept Videos

Hierarchy of Motor Control01:18

Hierarchy of Motor Control

The hierarchy of motor control refers to the different levels of organization and processing involved in controlling movement in the body. These levels range from higher cortical areas involved in planning and decision-making to lower spinal cord reflexes that respond automatically to external stimuli.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Movement Retraining using Real-time Feedback of Performance
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Strategy-based motor learning decreases the post-movement β power.

Betina Korka1, Matthias Will1, Izel Avci2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.

Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
|June 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Cognitive strategies in motor learning impact neural activity, specifically the post-movement beta rebound (PMBR). This brain signal changes based on whether a cognitive strategy is used, suggesting PMBR reflects goal achievement errors.

Keywords:
Error-clamped feedbackImplicit learningStrategy-based learningVisuomotor rotationβ-band oscillations

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Motor learning integrates cognitive strategies and implicit adaptation.
  • Understanding the neural basis of this interplay is crucial for clinical applications.
  • The post-movement beta rebound (PMBR) is a neural signal sensitive to motor perturbations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how cognitive strategy acquisition influences the PMBR, beyond implicit adaptation.
  • To explore the neural correlates of cognitive demands in motor learning.

Main Methods:

  • Healthy participants performed reaching movements with visual feedback.
  • Visuomotor rotation and clamped feedback paradigms were used to induce different learning conditions.
  • Participants either compensated for rotation (cognitive strategy) or ignored it.

Main Results:

  • Implicit learning was similar across conditions, indicated by comparable after-effects.
  • Participants successfully acquired cognitive re-aiming strategies when required.
  • PMBR power decreased in both conditions but was significantly larger when a cognitive strategy was employed.

Conclusions:

  • The PMBR is modulated by the cognitive demands of motor learning.
  • This modulation may reflect the neural evaluation of goal achievement errors during cognitive strategy use.
  • Findings highlight the distinct neural contributions of cognitive and implicit processes in motor adaptation.