Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 27, 2025
Evaluating Postural Control and Lower-extremity Muscle Activation in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability
Published on: September 18, 2020
Italian version of the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT-I)
Angela Contri1, Francesco Ballardin2, Gianluca De Marco2
1Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio, Via del Pozzo n.74, 41100 Modena, Italy.
Study Design:
Evaluation of the psychometric properties of a translated, culturally adapted questionnaire.
Objective:
Translating, culturally adapting, and validating the Italian version of the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT-I).
Summary Of Background Data:
Ankle sprains are one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries and can lead to chronic ankle instability (CAI). The International Ankle Consortium recommends the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) as a valid and reliable self-report questionnaire assessing the presence and severity of CAI. At this moment, there is no validated Italian version of CAIT.
Methods:
The Italian version of the CAIT (CAIT-I) was developed by an expert committee. Test-retest reliability of the CAIT-I was measured in 286 healthy and injured participants within a 4-9-day period, by using Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC2,1). Construct validity, exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency and sensitivity were examined in a sample of 548 adults. Instrument responsiveness over 4 time points was determined in a subgroup of 37 participants.
Results:
The CAIT-I demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability (ICC≥0.92) and good internal consistency (α = .84). Construct validity was confirmed. Identified cut-off for the presence of CAI was 24.75, with sensitivity= 0.77 and specificity= 0.65. There were significant differences across time for CAIT-I scores (P < .001), demonstrating responsiveness to change, but no floor or ceiling effects.
Conclusion:
The CAIT-I demonstrates acceptable psychometric performance as a screening and outcome measure. The CAIT-I is a useful tool to assess the presence and severity of CAI.
