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Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...

Structures of Solids

Structures of Solids

Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...

Predicting Molecular Geometry

Predicting Molecular Geometry

VSEPR Theory for Determination of Electron Pair Geometries

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 27, 2025

The Effect of Interfacial Chemical Bonding in TiO2-SiO2 Composites on Their Photocatalytic NOx Abatement Performance

The Effect of Interfacial Chemical Bonding in TiO2-SiO2 Composites on Their Photocatalytic NOx Abatement Performance

Published on: July 4, 2017

Two-dimensional lateral anatase-rutile TiO

Ming Meng¹, Lun Yang², Jing Yang¹

¹School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, PR China.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

|June 9, 2023

Summary

This study introduces novel 2D lateral titanium dioxide (TiO2) phase junctions on a titanium mesh. These engineered photoelectrodes demonstrate enhanced solar light response and charge separation for improved photoelectrochemical (PEC) applications.

Keywords:

2D lateral phase junctions Oxygen vacancies Photoelectrochemical water splitting TiO(2) nanosheets

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Last Updated: Jul 27, 2025

The Effect of Interfacial Chemical Bonding in TiO2-SiO2 Composites on Their Photocatalytic NOx Abatement Performance

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Published on: July 4, 2017

Synthesis and Reaction Chemistry of Nanosize Monosodium Titanate

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Published on: February 23, 2016

Growth and Electrostatic/chemical Properties of Metal/LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Heterostructures

Growth and Electrostatic/chemical Properties of Metal/LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Heterostructures

Published on: February 8, 2018

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Nanotechnology

Background:

Developing efficient photoelectrode materials for solar energy conversion is crucial.
Achieving broad solar light response, high charge separation, and abundant active sites remains challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

To engineer novel two-dimensional (2D) lateral anatase-rutile TiO2 phase junctions with controllable oxygen vacancies.
To enhance photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance by optimizing charge separation and light absorption.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of 2D lateral TiO2 phase junctions perpendicularly aligned on a Ti mesh.
Utilized experimental observations and theoretical calculations to analyze material properties.
Investigated the role of interfacial oxygen vacancies in enhancing PEC performance.

Main Results:

The 2D lateral phase junctions with 3D arrays exhibited high-efficient photogenerated charge separation via built-in electric fields.
Interfacial oxygen vacancies extended visible light response and accelerated charge transfer.
Optimized photoelectrodes achieved a photocurrent density of 1.2 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE, a 2.4-fold increase over pristine TiO2.

Conclusions:

The developed 2D lateral TiO2 phase junctions offer a promising strategy for advanced PEC applications.
The integration of phase junctions and oxygen vacancies significantly boosts photoelectrode performance.
This research provides new insights into designing novel 2D materials for solar energy conversion.