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Evaluation of 3D Printed Burr Hole Simulation Models Using 8 Different Materials.

Nalinda Dissanayaka1, Liam R Maclachlan2, Hamish Alexander3

  • 1School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Herston Biofabrication Institute, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Australia.

World Neurosurgery
|June 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Accessible 3D printing materials like polyethylene terephthalate glycol and White Resin best replicate skull anatomy for neurosurgical simulation training. These desktop 3D printing technologies offer economical and effective surgical practice models.

Keywords:
Additive manufacturingAnatomical modelsBone anatomyMedical trainingNeurosurgerySurgery

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neurosurgery Simulation
  • Additive Manufacturing

Background:

  • Three-dimensional (3D) printing is revolutionizing medical training by creating accessible and cost-effective neurosurgical simulation models.
  • Various 3D printing technologies and materials offer diverse capabilities for replicating complex human anatomy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate different 3D printing materials and technologies for their precision in representing the parietal skull region.
  • To identify the optimal combination for realistic burr hole simulation in neurosurgical training.

Main Methods:

  • Eight materials (e.g., polyethylene terephthalate glycol, White Resin, BoneSTN) were tested across four 3D printing processes (fused filament fabrication, stereolithography, material jetting, selective laser sintering).
  • Skull samples were integrated into a CT-derived head model, and five neurosurgeons performed burr hole simulations.
  • Evaluated parameters included mechanical drilling, visual appearance, exterior/interior skull fidelity, and overall surgeon feedback.

Main Results:

  • Polyethylene terephthalate glycol (fused filament fabrication) and White Resin (stereolithography) emerged as the top-performing materials for skull replication.
  • These accessible desktop 3D printing solutions outperformed advanced multimaterial printers in replicating anatomical details.
  • Both interior (diploë) and exterior skull structures significantly impacted model rankings.

Conclusions:

  • Widely available desktop 3D printers and materials can effectively serve as valuable tools in neurosurgical training.
  • Practical simulation using 3D printed models is crucial for enhancing neurosurgical education and skill development.