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Preparation of Naringenin Solution for In Vivo Application
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Naringin commonly acts via hormesis.

Edward J Calabrese1, Peter Pressman2, A Wallace Hayes3

  • 1Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.

The Science of the Total Environment
|June 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Naringin and naringenin show protective effects through hormesis, a beneficial biological response to stress. These compounds activate Nrf2, enhancing cellular resistance to toxins and aiding in various disease models.

Keywords:
Biphasic dose responseHormesisInflammationNaringeninNaringinNeurodegenerative diseasesNrf2

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Science
  • Toxicology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Hormesis describes beneficial effects from low doses of agents that are toxic at high doses.
  • Naringin and its metabolite naringenin are flavonoids with potential therapeutic properties.
  • Understanding their hormetic capacity is crucial for biomedical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct the first integrative assessment of naringin and naringenin's hormetic dose responses.
  • To evaluate their protective effects across diverse experimental biomedical models.
  • To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms, particularly the role of Nrf2.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and integrative assessment of existing experimental data.
  • Analysis of studies involving naringin and naringenin in various cell types and disease models.
  • Investigation of molecular pathways, including the activation of Nuclear Factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2).

Main Results:

  • Naringin and naringenin consistently induced protective effects via hormetic mechanisms, exhibiting biphasic dose-response relationships.
  • Maximum protective effects ranged from 30-60% greater than controls.
  • Observed benefits in neurodegenerative disease models, stem cells, cardiac cells, and protection against environmental toxins (UV, cadmium, paraquat).

Conclusions:

  • Naringin and naringenin demonstrate significant hormetic potential, offering cellular protection and adaptive responses.
  • The activation of Nrf2 is a key mechanism mediating these hormetic effects, regulating cellular resistance to oxidants.
  • These findings highlight the therapeutic and toxicological significance of naringin and naringenin in biomedical research.