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Updated: Jul 27, 2025

Bronchoalveolar Lavage of Murine Lungs to Analyze Inflammatory Cell Infiltration
Published on: May 4, 2017
Comprehensive bronchoalveolar lavage characterization in COVID-19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome
Fiorella Calabrese1,2, Francesca Lunardi3,4, Elisa Baldasso5,6
1Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova Medical School, Padova, Italy. fiorella.calabrese@unipd.it.
Abstract:
COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS) is associated with high mortality rates. We still have limited knowledge of the complex alterations developing in the lung microenvironment. The goal of the present study was to comprehensively analyze the cellular components, inflammatory signature, and respiratory pathogens in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of CARDS patients (16) in comparison to those of other invasively mechanically ventilated patients (24). In CARDS patients, BAL analysis revealed: SARS-CoV-2 infection frequently associated with other respiratory pathogens, significantly higher neutrophil granulocyte percentage, remarkably low interferon-gamma expression, and high levels of interleukins (IL)-1β and IL-9. The most important predictive variables for worse outcomes were age, IL-18 expression, and BAL neutrophilia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that was able to identify, through a comprehensive analysis of BAL, several aspects relevant to the complex pathophysiology of CARDS.
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