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Related Concept Videos

Observational Studies01:11

Observational Studies

8.8K
Observational studies are a type of analytical study where researchers observe events without any interventions. In other words, the researcher does not influence the response variable or the experiment's outcome.
There are three types of observational studies – Prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional.
Prospective Study
Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal or cohort studies, are carried out by collecting future data from groups sharing similar characteristics. One...
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Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

12.0K
Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
12.0K
Cross-Sectional Research01:50

Cross-Sectional Research

11.4K
In cross-sectional research, a researcher compares multiple segments of the population at the same time. If they were interested in people's dietary habits, the researcher might directly compare different groups of people by age. Instead of following a group of people for 20 years to see how their dietary habits changed from decade to decade, the researcher would study a group of 20-year-old individuals and compare them to a group of 30-year-old individuals and a group of 40-year-old...
11.4K
Longitudinal Studies01:26

Longitudinal Studies

191
Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
191
Archival Research01:40

Archival Research

16.0K
Some researchers gain access to large amounts of data without interacting with a single research participant. Instead, they use existing records to answer various research questions. This type of research approach is known as archival research. Archival research relies on looking at past records or data sets to look for interesting patterns or relationships. For example, a researcher might access the academic records of all individuals who enrolled in college within the past ten years and...
16.0K
Data Collection by Observations01:08

Data Collection by Observations

12.1K
Data collection refers to a systematic way of obtaining, observing, measuring, and analyzing accurate information. Observational studies are one of the most widely used methods of data collection. It involves collecting data by observing the behavior and physical characteristics of a sample without making any modifications to the sample.
An astronomer viewing the motion and brightness of stars in the sky and recording the data is an example of observational data collection. A botanist recording...
12.1K

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A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
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A Retrospective Study of

Petros Ioannou1,2, Maria Zacharioudaki3, Despoina Spentzouri2

  • 1School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) is a serious infection. Severe sepsis and septic shock are key factors independently linked to mortality in SAB patients, highlighting the need for improved treatment strategies.

Keywords:
Staphylococcus aureusantimicrobial resistancebacteremiabloodstream infectionmortality

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Microbiology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality despite recent decreases.
  • Approximately 25% of SAB patients die, necessitating more effective and timely treatments.
  • Identifying factors associated with SAB mortality is crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To retrospectively evaluate a cohort of SAB patients.
  • To identify factors independently associated with in-hospital mortality in SAB patients.
  • To assess adherence to treatment guidelines and identify areas for intervention.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 256 SAB patients hospitalized between January 2005 and December 2021.
  • Evaluation of demographic data, clinical characteristics, microbiological data, and treatment protocols.
  • Multivariate logistic regression to identify independent predictors of in-hospital mortality.

Main Results:

  • In-hospital mortality rate was 15.9%.
  • Factors associated with mortality included female gender, older age, higher McCabe score, central venous catheter, neutropenia, severe sepsis, septic shock, and MRSA bacteremia.
  • Severe sepsis (OR=12.294) and septic shock (OR=57.18) were independently associated with mortality.
  • High rates of inappropriate empirical antimicrobial treatment and lack of repeat blood cultures were observed.

Conclusions:

  • Severe sepsis and septic shock are independent predictors of mortality in SAB.
  • Suboptimal adherence to treatment guidelines, including lack of repeat blood cultures, is prevalent.
  • Interventions such as antimicrobial stewardship, increased infectious diseases physician involvement, and guideline implementation are urgently needed.