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Related Concept Videos

Resistance and Conductance01:25

Resistance and Conductance

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A conductor's DC resistance at a given temperature is influenced by its resistivity, length, and cross-sectional area. Resistivity is an inherent property of the conductor material, with annealed copper serving as the international standard for measurement. For instance, the resistivity of hard-drawn aluminum at 20 degrees Celsius is 61% of the standard conductivity of annealed copper.
Various factors impact the resistance of a conductor. Spiraling in stranded conductors increases their...
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Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving01:27

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San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge is exposed to temperatures ranging from -15 °C to 40 °C. At its coldest, the main span of the bridge is 1275 m long. Assuming that the bridge is made entirely of steel, what is the change in its length between these temperatures?
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When a current moves through any conductor, the conductor causes some level of difficulty for the current to flow. The measure of that difficulty is known as the resistance of the material and is represented by R. Every material has its own resistance. In the case of conductors, heat is emitted whenever a current passes through them. Resistance depends on the resistivity of the material. Resistivity is a characteristic of the material used to fabricate electrical components, whereas the...
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When a voltage is applied to a conductor, an electrical field is generated, and charges in the conductor feel the force due to the electrical field. The current density that results depends on the electrical field and the properties of the material. In some materials, including metals at a given temperature, the current density is approximately proportional to the electrical field. In these cases, the current density can be modeled as:
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Insulation coordination is the process of matching electric equipment's insulation strength with protective device characteristics to protect the equipment against expected overvoltages. This selection is based on engineering judgment and cost. Equipment can generally withstand short-duration high transient overvoltages, but repeated tests with identical waveforms can yield inconsistent results. As a result, standard impulse voltage waveforms are used for testing, defined by specific times...
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The analysis of suspension bridges is a complex and critical process that involves multiple factors, including the shape and tension of the main cables. The main cables of suspension bridges are subjected to distributed loads, which result in changes in tensile forces and deformation of the cable. These loads must be carefully considered to ensure that the bridge is safe and capable of supporting the weight of different loads.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 27, 2025

Author Spotlight: Simulation and Analysis of the Temperature Rise of Ring Main Unit Equipment
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Electrical Resistance Performance of Cable Accessory Interface Considering Thermal Effects.

Kai Wu1, Tianfeng Zhang2, Wenxin Lin2

  • 1Electric Power Research Institute, Anhui Electric Power Company of State Grid, Hefei 230601, China.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary

High temperatures affect silicone rubber/cross-linked polyethylene (SiR/XLPE) interfaces in power cables. Early heat exposure improves electrical properties due to XLPE recrystallization, but prolonged exposure degrades performance.

Keywords:
cable accessorycross-linked polyethyleneelectrical propertiesinterfacesilicone rubber

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrical Engineering
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Cable accessories are critical components in power transmission systems.
  • Complex structures and insulation coordination issues make them prone to failure.
  • The silicone rubber/cross-linked polyethylene (SiR/XLPE) interface is a key area of concern at elevated temperatures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the electrical property changes at the SiR/XLPE interface under high temperatures.
  • To understand the impact of thermal aging on XLPE material properties.
  • To elucidate the mechanism linking interface state to electrical performance.

Main Methods:

  • Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for chemical analysis.
  • Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for thermal analysis.
  • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphological examination.
  • Electrical property testing of the SiR/XLPE interface.

Main Results:

  • Electrical properties of the SiR/XLPE interface do not degrade monotonically with increasing temperature.
  • A three-stage behavior was observed, with initial improvement followed by degradation.
  • Early thermal effects (approx. 40 days) led to XLPE recrystallization, enhancing interface electrical properties.
  • Prolonged thermal effects caused damage to amorphous regions and molecular chain scission in XLPE, reducing electrical properties.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a detailed analysis of SiR/XLPE interface behavior under thermal stress.
  • Understanding these stages is crucial for designing reliable cable accessories.
  • Results offer a theoretical foundation for optimizing interface design in high-temperature power cable applications.