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Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
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Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
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Updated: Jul 27, 2025

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A Kinetic Study on Crystallization in TiO

Zhen Wang1,2, Renze Xu1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 10, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) in CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-TiO2 glass acts as a nucleating agent, promoting wollastonite crystal growth up to 14%. Beyond 18% TiO2, it hinders crystallization and increases growth energy.

Keywords:
TiO2crystallization kineticsdifferential thermal analysisglassglass–ceramicsnon-isothermalslag

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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Glass-Ceramics Technology
  • Crystallization Kinetics

Background:

  • Non-isothermal crystallization of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-TiO2 glass is crucial for developing advanced glass-ceramics.
  • Understanding nucleation and growth mechanisms is key to controlling glass-ceramic properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the kinetic study of non-isothermal crystallization in CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-TiO2 glass.
  • To determine the effect of TiO2 content on crystal phase formation and growth kinetics.
  • To elucidate the role of TiO2 as a nucleating agent under "nucleation saturation" conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Differential thermal analysis (DTA) was employed to study the crystallization process.
  • The Matusita-Sakka equation was utilized for kinetic analysis.
  • Glass samples with varying TiO2 content and particle size (<58 µm) were heat-treated.

Main Results:

  • Three crystal phases formed: CaSiO3, Ca3TiSi2(AlSiTi)3O14, and CaTiO3.
  • Increasing TiO2 shifted the primary crystal phase from CaSiO3 to Ca3TiSi2(AlSiTi)3O14.
  • TiO2 acted as an efficient nucleating agent up to 14%, promoting 2D wollastonite growth; beyond 18% TiO2, it hindered wollastonite crystallization and increased activation energy (EG).

Conclusions:

  • TiO2 content critically influences the crystallization behavior and kinetics of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-TiO2 glass.
  • "Nucleation saturation" is a vital condition for understanding heterogeneous nucleation in fine-particle glasses.
  • Optimizing TiO2 content is essential for controlling glass-ceramic formation and properties, particularly for wollastonite-based materials.