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Evaluation of the Factors Associated with Reinfections towards SARS-CoV-2 Using a Case Control Design

Giuseppe La Torre1, Gianluca Paglione1, Lavinia Camilla Barone1

  • 1Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|June 10, 2023
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Female healthcare workers, those with diabetes, and individuals with higher alcohol consumption face increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection. Increased red blood cell counts also correlate with higher reinfection odds.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has heightened concerns regarding reinfection risks.
  • Understanding factors contributing to reinfection is crucial for effective pandemic control strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and evaluate factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 reinfection among healthcare workers.
  • To compare reinfection risks between healthcare workers with multiple infections, single infections, and no prior infection.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study was conducted at a teaching hospital between March 2020 and June 2022.
  • Cases comprised healthcare workers with SARS-CoV-2 reinfection; controls included those with one infection or no infection.
  • Statistical analysis determined odds ratios for various risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Female gender was associated with a 2.42-fold increased odds of reinfection.
  • Moderate to high alcohol consumption increased reinfection odds by 1.49 times.
  • Diabetes (OR: 3.45) and elevated red blood cell counts (OR: 1.69) were also significantly linked to higher reinfection risk.

Conclusions:

  • Healthcare workers with diabetes, women, and those with higher alcohol consumption require targeted preventive measures.
  • Contact tracing and health education are vital components of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic management.
  • Identifying specific risk factors aids in developing personalized prevention strategies.
Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2case-controlcontact tracingreinfections

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