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Related Concept Videos

Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Amines to Sulfonamides: The Hinsberg Test01:23

Amines to Sulfonamides: The Hinsberg Test

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The Hinsberg test is a method to identify primary, secondary and tertiary amines, named after its pioneer, Oscar Hinsberg. Here, amines are treated with benzenesulfonyl chloride, also known as the Hinsberg reagent, in the presence of an excess of aqueous base, followed by acidification. Based on the nature of the amines, different changes are observed.
Generally, a primary amine reacts with the Hinsberg reagent to produce an N-substituted benzenesulfonamide. The electron-withdrawing...
3.6K
Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

19.5K
Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can...
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ortho–para-Directing Deactivators: Halogens01:24

ortho–para-Directing Deactivators: Halogens

5.6K
Halogens are ortho–para directors. They are more electronegative than carbon. Therefore, as ring substituents, they can withdraw electrons through the inductive effect and deactivate the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution. Halogens also have an electron-donating resonance effect on the ring, which influences the orientation of the incoming electrophile. If an electrophile attacks at the ortho or the para position, the halogen donates electrons and stabilizes the intermediate...
5.6K
Structure of Amines01:19

Structure of Amines

2.6K
The hybridized nitrogen atom in amines possesses a lone pair of electrons and is bound to three substituents with a bond angle of around 108°, which is less than the tetrahedral angle of 109.5°. However, the C–N–H bond angle is slightly larger at 112°, with a carbon–nitrogen bond length of 147 pm. This carbon–nitrogen bond length of of amines is longer than the carbon–oxygen bond of alcohols (143 pm) but shorter than alkanes’...
2.6K
Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature02:54

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

21.7K
In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
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Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
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Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

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Structure-Activity Relationships in NHC-Silver Complexes as Antimicrobial Agents.

Luisa Ronga1, Mario Varcamonti2, Diego Tesauro3

  • 1Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie Pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, 64053 Pau, France.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Silver N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes offer prolonged antimicrobial activity against resistant bacteria and fungi. Tuning NHC properties enhances stability and lipophilicity for improved microbial death induction.

Keywords:
NHC silver complexesNHCs propertiesanti-bacterial compoundsstructure activity relationships (SAR)

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Silver possesses historical antimicrobial properties, gaining renewed interest due to rising antimicrobial resistance.
  • A key limitation of silver's antimicrobial effect is its short duration of action.
  • N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) silver complexes represent a class of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents with enhanced stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review designed silver-NHC complexes and their biological activities.
  • To highlight structure-activity relationships for enhanced antimicrobial efficacy.
  • To explore the potential of polymer-based supramolecular aggregates for silver complex delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of novel silver-NHC complexes.
  • Evaluation of antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungal strains.
  • Investigation of structure-activity relationships by modifying NHC ligands.
  • Encapsulation of silver-NHC complexes within polymer-based supramolecular aggregates.

Main Results:

  • Silver-NHC complexes demonstrate significant antimicrobial activity against a range of microorganisms.
  • Modification of NHC structures allows tuning of complex stability and lipophilicity, impacting antimicrobial potency.
  • Structure-activity relationship analysis identified key features for inducing microorganism death.
  • Successful encapsulation of silver-NHC complexes in supramolecular aggregates was achieved.

Conclusions:

  • Silver-NHC complexes offer a promising strategy to overcome limitations of traditional silver antimicrobials.
  • Tailoring NHC ligands is crucial for optimizing stability, delivery, and antimicrobial effectiveness.
  • Targeted delivery of silver complexes via supramolecular systems represents a future direction for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.