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3D-Printable PLA/Mg Composite Filaments for Potential Bone Tissue Engineering Applications.

Sumama Nuthana Kalva1,2, Fawad Ali1, Carlos A Velasquez2

  • 1Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar.

Polymers
|June 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study explored polylactic acid (PLA) composites with magnesium (WE43) for 3D printing bone implants. Optimal compositions (5-10% Mg) show potential as printable biomaterials for bone tissue engineering.

Keywords:
3D printingPLAbone implantscompositemagnesium

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Materials Engineering
  • Additive Manufacturing

Background:

  • Magnesium (Mg) is a biocompatible and biodegradable material with mechanical properties similar to bone.
  • Polylactic acid (PLA) is a widely used biodegradable polymer in biomedical applications.
  • Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printing offers potential for creating patient-specific bone implants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility of using solvent-casted polylactic acid (PLA) loaded with Magnesium (WE43) as filament feedstock for FDM 3D printing.
  • To assess the effects of varying Mg (WE43) concentrations (5-20 wt%) on the thermal, physicochemical, and printability characteristics of PLA composite filaments.
  • To determine the potential of these Mg-PLA composites as biomaterials for 3D-printed bone implants.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of four PLA/Magnesium (WE43) composite compositions (5, 10, 15, 20 wt%).
  • Production of composite filaments suitable for FDM 3D printing.
  • Characterization of thermal properties (melting peak, crystallinity), physicochemical properties (SEM, FTIR), and printability of the filaments.

Main Results:

  • SEM and FTIR analyses confirmed uniform distribution and good compatibility of Mg particles within the PLA matrix without adverse chemical reactions.
  • Addition of Mg slightly increased the melting peak temperature of PLA, with minimal impact on crystallinity.
  • Uniform Mg particle distribution and good printability were observed up to 15% Mg concentration; higher concentrations led to non-uniformity and pores, negatively affecting printability.
  • Filaments with 5% and 10% Mg content demonstrated successful printability.

Conclusions:

  • PLA/WE43 composite filaments with 5% and 10% Mg are printable using FDM.
  • These printable Mg-PLA composites show promise as novel biomaterials for 3D-printed bone implants.
  • Further research can optimize Mg content for enhanced bone tissue engineering applications.