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Related Concept Videos

Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

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The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
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Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
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Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

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The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Naturally Occurring N-Terminal Fragments of Bovine Milk Osteopontin Are Transported across Models of the Intestinal Barrier.

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The Effect of Human and Bovine Milk Osteopontin on Intestinal Caco-2 Cells: A Transcriptome Comparison.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 27, 2025

Development of a Human Preclinical Model of Osteoclastogenesis from Peripheral Blood Monocytes Co-cultured with Breast Cancer Cell Lines
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Development of a Human Preclinical Model of Osteoclastogenesis from Peripheral Blood Monocytes Co-cultured with Breast Cancer Cell Lines

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Milk Osteopontin and Human Health.

Esben S Sørensen1, Brian Christensen1

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark.

Nutrients
|June 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Osteopontin (OPN), a protein abundant in milk, plays a crucial role in infant development and immunity. This review examines OPN

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Immunology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Osteopontin (OPN) is a versatile protein present in vertebrates, found in various tissues and secretions.
  • It participates in critical biological functions including immune regulation, biomineralization, and tissue development.
  • OPN is notably concentrated in milk, suggesting a key role in infant development and immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current knowledge on the structure and function of milk-derived Osteopontin (OPN).
  • To focus on the impact of milk OPN intake on human health and disease.
  • To compare existing research on OPN's role in infant nutrition and development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing scientific studies on Osteopontin.
Keywords:
bioactivitygastrointestinal digestionimmune regulationinfant healthintestinal developmentmicrobiotamilkosteopontin

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  • Comparative analysis of OPN structure and function across different contexts.
  • Synthesis of research findings on milk OPN's effects on human health.

    • Main Results:

    • Osteopontin (OPN) exhibits diverse biological activities, influencing immune responses and developmental processes.
    • Milk is a significant source of OPN, crucial for infant physiological and immunological development.
    • Research indicates potential roles for milk OPN in modulating human health and disease states.

    Conclusions:

    • Milk Osteopontin (OPN) is vital for infant development and immune system maturation.
    • Further research into milk OPN's effects can inform infant nutrition and therapeutic strategies.
    • Understanding OPN's multifaceted roles highlights its importance in human health.