Effectiveness of Food-Based Intervention to Improve the Linear Growth of Children under Five: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Food-based interventions to improve linear growth are most often applied in low- and middle-income countries. However, not all food interventions have been proven to be effective in promoting linear growth. This study aimed to assess the impact and effectiveness of food interventions for improving linear growth in children under five years old. This study was conducted by following the PRISMA guidelines and the data were extracted and presented following the PRISMA recommendations. Studies were identified through a literature search of the SCOPUS, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest databases from 2000 to 2022. Only randomized control studies were included in this review based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Out of 1125 studies identified, a total of 15 studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The review result indicated that food-based intervention can help to improve linear growth (MD: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.35, p = 0.01) among children under five. However, there was no significant difference in changes in underweight status (MD: 0.25; CI: -0.15 to 0.64; p = 0.22) and wasting status (MD: 0.09; CI: -0.02 to 0.20; p = 0.12) between the intervention and control groups. Overall, food-based interventions were found to be helpful for improving children's linear growth.