From Traditional to New Benchmark Catalysts for CO₂ Electroreduction

Area of Science:

• Electrochemistry
• Materials Science
• Environmental Chemistry

Background:

• Conventional carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion methods face limitations.
• Electrochemical CO2 conversion offers mild conditions and renewable energy compatibility.
• Development of novel electrocatalysts is crucial for efficient CO2 utilization.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review metal-based, nanostructured electrocatalysts for CO2 conversion over the past 40 years.
• To identify benchmark materials and promising strategies.
• To advance selective conversion to high-value chemicals.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of metal-based, nanostructured electrocatalysts.
• Analysis of catalyst performance and selectivity.
• Identification of trends in CO2 electroreduction.

Main Results:

• A wide range of electrocatalysts have been developed since pioneering studies.
• Nanostructured and multi-phase materials show potential to overcome high overpotentials.
• Specific materials and strategies are identified as promising for selective conversion.

Conclusions:

• Advanced nanostructured electrocatalysts are key to efficient CO2 conversion.
• Overcoming overpotentials is critical for substantial product yields.
• Focus on selective conversion to high-added-value chemicals is a promising strategy.