Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Standing Electromagnetic Waves01:15

Standing Electromagnetic Waves

1.6K
Electromagnetic waves can be reflected; the surface of a conductor or a dielectric can act as a reflector. As electric and magnetic fields obey the superposition principle, so do electromagnetic waves. The superposition of an incident wave and a reflected electromagnetic wave produces a standing wave analogous to the standing waves created on a stretched string.
Suppose a sheet of a perfect conductor is placed in the yz-plane, and a linearly polarized electromagnetic wave traveling in the...
1.6K
Electromagnetic Waves01:30

Electromagnetic Waves

8.9K
James Clerk Maxwell formulated a single theory combining all the electric and magnetic effects scientists knew during that time, calling the phenomena his theory predicted “Electromagnetic waves”. He brought together all the work that had been done by brilliant physicists such as Oersted, Coulomb, Gauss, and Faraday and added his own insights to develop the overarching theory of electromagnetism. Maxwell’s equations, combined with the Lorentz force law, encompass all the laws...
8.9K
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

248
Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
248
NMR Spectrometers: Overview01:20

NMR Spectrometers: Overview

1.2K
NMR spectrometers consist of a strong magnet, a radiofrequency transmitter, and a detector attached to a computer console for recording spectra of samples containing NMR-active nuclei. In first-generation NMR instruments called continuous-wave spectrometers, the resonance frequencies of the nuclei are determined by frequency-sweep or field-sweep methods. The magnetic field strength is fixed and the rf signal is swept in the former, while the radiofrequency signal is fixed and the magnetic field...
1.2K
Plane Electromagnetic Waves I01:30

Plane Electromagnetic Waves I

3.7K
The existence of combined electric and magnetic fields that propagate through space as electromagnetic (EM) waves is the most significant prediction of Maxwell's equations. As Maxwell's equations hold in free space, the predicted electromagnetic waves do not require a medium for their propagation. An EM wave comprises an electric field, defined as the force per charge on a stationary charge, and a magnetic field, which is the force per charge on a moving charge.
The EM field is assumed...
3.7K
Radial System Protection01:23

Radial System Protection

127
Radial systems employ time-delay overcurrent relays to reduce load interruptions. When a fault occurs, the nearest breaker opens first, while upstream breakers remain closed due to longer delay settings. This approach ensures minimal disruption to the rest of the system.
In a radial system with a fault downstream of the third breaker, ideally, only the third breaker will open, isolating the fault and interrupting the load connected beyond it. The second breaker has a longer delay setting,...
127

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Discovery of a KLHL41 Ligand for Muscle Specific Protein Degradation.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Tetrazine Ligation in Living Systems: Beyond Fast Kinetics to Effective Bioorthogonality.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Metastatic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Without Identifiable Primary Tumor Within the Thyroid Gland, Presenting with Initial Lymph Node Metastasis Followed by Distant Peritoneal Metastasis: A Case Report of a Rare Phenomenon.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

Occupational Exposure Risk and Safety of Novel Intraperitoneal Oxaliplatin Delivery via Heated CO<sub>2</sub> and Dual-flow Nozzle System.

Safety and health at work·2026
Same author

BCR::ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors induce ribosome collisions to activate ZAK-dependent ribotoxic stress and apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia.

Leukemia·2026
Same author

Sex-specific accelerated epigenetic aging in the Alzheimer's disease spectrum.

Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 27, 2025

Continuous-Wave Propagation Channel-Sounding Measurement System - Testing, Verification, and Measurements
09:36

Continuous-Wave Propagation Channel-Sounding Measurement System - Testing, Verification, and Measurements

Published on: June 25, 2021

3.1K

Skywave Detection and Mitigation for the MF R-Mode Continuously Operating Reference Station.

Pyo-Woong Son1,2, Jongmin Park3, Jaewon Yu3

  • 1Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new algorithm effectively detects and mitigates skywave interference in Medium Frequency R-Mode (MF R-Mode) navigation systems. This improves positioning accuracy, offering a reliable alternative to satellite navigation.

Keywords:
APNTMF R-Modepositioning accuracyskywave effectterrestrial navigation

More Related Videos

High-speed Continuous-wave Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Spectrometer for Material Analysis
07:55

High-speed Continuous-wave Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Spectrometer for Material Analysis

Published on: September 22, 2017

10.2K
Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection
16:11

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection

Published on: April 26, 2014

9.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 27, 2025

Continuous-Wave Propagation Channel-Sounding Measurement System - Testing, Verification, and Measurements
09:36

Continuous-Wave Propagation Channel-Sounding Measurement System - Testing, Verification, and Measurements

Published on: June 25, 2021

3.1K
High-speed Continuous-wave Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Spectrometer for Material Analysis
07:55

High-speed Continuous-wave Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Spectrometer for Material Analysis

Published on: September 22, 2017

10.2K
Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection
16:11

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection

Published on: April 26, 2014

9.4K

Area of Science:

  • Navigation Systems
  • Ionospheric Physics
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Growing dependence on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) necessitates independent terrestrial navigation alternatives.
  • Medium Frequency R-Mode (MF R-Mode) shows promise but suffers accuracy degradation due to nighttime ionospheric skywave effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate algorithms for detecting and mitigating skywave effects in MF R-Mode signals.
  • To enhance the accuracy and reliability of MF R-Mode terrestrial navigation.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a skywave detection algorithm based on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) from groundwave and skywave signal composition.
  • Implementation of a skywave mitigation algorithm utilizing the I and Q components of IQ-modulated signals.
  • Testing and validation using data from Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) monitoring MF R-Mode signals.

Main Results:

  • Significant improvements in range estimation precision and standard deviation for CW1 and CW2 signals.
  • Standard deviations reduced from approximately 39 m to under 10 m.
  • Precision (2-sigma) improved from over 79 m to under 18 m.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed algorithms effectively address skywave interference in MF R-Mode systems.
  • Enhanced accuracy and reliability make MF R-Mode a more viable terrestrial navigation solution.
  • This research contributes to the development of robust, independent navigation technologies.