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Elliptical Responses to Direct and Indirect Requests for Information.

Katherine Chia1, Michael P Kaschak1

  • 1Florida State University, USA.

Language and Speech
|June 10, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Speakers use shorter, elliptical responses for direct information requests. Indirect questions, yes/no answers, and retrieval difficulties reduce ellipsis, especially in polite inquiries.

Keywords:
Language productionellipsissentence processing

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Cognitive Science
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Elliptical responses, where parts of a sentence are omitted, are common in conversation.
  • Previous research suggests factors like question directness influence elliptical speech production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate factors influencing the production of elliptical responses to information requests.
  • To examine the impact of question type, response structure, and cognitive load on ellipsis.

Main Methods:

  • Reanalysis of existing data and a new experiment involving phone calls to businesses requesting closing times.
  • Varying question directness (direct vs. indirect), response format, and introducing linguistic distractors.

Main Results:

  • Elliptical responses were more frequent for direct information requests compared to indirect ones.
  • Ellipsis decreased with initial yes/no responses, inserted irrelevant content, and signs of retrieval difficulty.
  • Retrieval difficulty effects were strongest for highly polite questions.

Conclusions:

  • The production of elliptical responses is influenced by the ease of understanding the omitted information (recoverability) and pragmatic factors.
  • Cognitive load and politeness interact to shape how speakers use ellipsis in information exchange.