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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
133

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Assessing Inhibitory Control Deficits in Adult ADHD: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Stop-signal Task.

Daniel Senkowski1, Theresa Ziegler2, Mervyn Singh3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität Zu Berlin, Charité Campus Mitte (CCM), Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. daniel.senkowski@charite.de.

Neuropsychology Review
|June 10, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit significant inhibitory control deficits, as shown by prolonged response times on the stop-signal task (SST). These findings suggest the SST may aid in diagnosing neurocognitive deficits in adult ADHD.

Keywords:
AttentionAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderCognitionCognitive deficitsImpulsivityNeuropsychology

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults is characterized by inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, but neurocognitive deficits, particularly in inhibitory control, are increasingly recognized.
  • Existing diagnostic criteria do not fully capture the spectrum of cognitive impairments in adult ADHD, highlighting the need for objective neuropsychological assessments.
  • The stop-signal task (SST) is a common paradigm for evaluating response inhibition, a key component of executive function.

Approach:

  • A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines.
  • The review integrated data from 26 publications comprising 27 studies that utilized the SST in adult ADHD populations.
  • The meta-analysis included 883 individuals with adult ADHD and 916 control participants.

Key Points:

  • The meta-analysis revealed significant inhibitory control deficits in adult ADHD, evidenced by prolonged SST response times (effect size = 0.51).
  • These deficits were robust, not moderated by study quality, sample characteristics, or clinical parameters, suggesting a potential core phenotype of adult ADHD.
  • Secondary analyses indicated greater SST omission errors and reduced go accuracy in patients, pointing to possible alterations in sustained attention, though based on limited studies.

Conclusions:

  • The stop-signal task demonstrates potential as a valuable tool for assessing inhibitory control deficits in adult ADHD.
  • Integrating the SST with other tests and questionnaires could enhance the comprehensive evaluation of neurocognitive impairments in this population.
  • Further research on secondary SST measures is warranted to fully elucidate their diagnostic utility in adult ADHD.