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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 27, 2025

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Sex differences for cognitive decline in progressive supranuclear palsy.

Leonardino A Digma1, Irene Litvan1, Teodoro Del Ser2

  • 1Parkinson and Other Movement Disorder Center, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.

Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
|June 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Sex differences in cognitive decline in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) are not apparent overall. However, men and women may experience different rates of decline based on executive function, PSP type, and age.

Keywords:
CognitionExecutive functionProgressive supranuclear palsySex differences

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Cognitive dysfunction, particularly executive dysfunction, is a hallmark of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP).
  • Sex-based differences in cognitive decline are observed in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
  • Characterizing sex differences in cognitive decline in PSP is crucial for understanding disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sex differences in the longitudinal cognitive changes in individuals with mild-to-moderate progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP).
  • To explore whether these sex differences vary based on baseline executive function, PSP phenotype, or age.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from 139 participants (62 women, 77 men) in the TAUROS trial.
  • Linear mixed models were used to assess longitudinal changes in cognitive performance.
  • Exploratory subgroup analyses examined variations in sex differences across different clinical parameters.

Main Results:

  • No overall sex differences in cognitive performance change were detected in the primary analysis.
  • Men with normal baseline executive function showed more severe decline in executive function and language tests.
  • Sex differences in decline were also observed in specific subgroups, including PSP-Parkinsonism, and across different age groups.

Conclusions:

  • While overall cognitive decline in mild-to-moderate PSP does not differ by sex, specific factors can influence the rate of decline.
  • Baseline executive dysfunction, PSP phenotype, and age are identified as potential moderators of sex differences in cognitive progression.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the complex interplay of sex, disease stage, and co-pathology in PSP cognitive decline.