Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

24.6K
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
24.6K
The Soil Ecosystem02:23

The Soil Ecosystem

20.7K
Plants obtain inorganic minerals and water from the soil, which acts as a natural medium for land plants. The composition and quality of soil depend not only on the chemical constituents but also on the presence of living organisms. In general, soils contain three major components:
20.7K
The Carbon Cycle01:14

The Carbon Cycle

38.7K
Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
38.7K
Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism01:20

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism

8.2K
Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this...
8.2K
Temperature Dependence on Reaction Rate02:55

Temperature Dependence on Reaction Rate

82.2K
The Collision Theory
Atoms, molecules, or ions must collide before they can react with each other. Atoms must be close together to form chemical bonds. This premise is the basis for a theory that explains many observations regarding chemical kinetics, including factors affecting reaction rates.
The collision theory is based on the postulates that (i) the reaction rate is proportional to the rate of reactant collisions, (ii) the reacting species collide in an orientation allowing contact between...
82.2K
Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation01:22

Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation

49
Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
49

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The coccosphere of the heavy calcifying coccolithophore Coccolithus braarudii provides defense against bacteria.

Communications biology·2026
Same author

A novel 3D-printed tool for <i>in vitro</i> cell interaction studies under flow conditions.

Lab on a chip·2026
Same author

The interplay between hydraulic capacitance and stomatal regulation strategy affects soil-plant hydraulics and transpiration.

The New phytologist·2026
Same author

Bacterial iron acquisition by <i>Escherichia coli</i> is facilitated by amino acid complexation in a rapid-renewal environment.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Experimental Validation of Large Eddy Simulation as a Benchmark for Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Flow Modeling in a Magnetically Levitated Blood Pump.

Annals of biomedical engineering·2025
Same author

Bacteria induce an amoeboid phase in coccolithophores that persists after bloom collapse.

Science advances·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 27, 2025

Simulating Temperature in a Soil Incubation Experiment
08:39

Simulating Temperature in a Soil Incubation Experiment

Published on: October 28, 2022

3.0K

Global warming accelerates soil heterotrophic respiration.

Alon Nissan1, Uria Alcolombri2, Nadav Peleg3

  • 1Institute of Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland. anissan@ethz.ch.

Nature Communications
|June 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Soil respiration, a major carbon source, is increasing globally. Our model predicts a 40% rise by 2100, with Arctic soils seeing over a twofold increase due to declining soil moisture.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Unraveling the Role of Earthworms in Enhancing Mineral Weathering for CO2 Removal
07:22

Author Spotlight: Unraveling the Role of Earthworms in Enhancing Mineral Weathering for CO2 Removal

Published on: November 10, 2023

3.5K
Experimental Protocol for Manipulating Plant-induced Soil Heterogeneity
08:16

Experimental Protocol for Manipulating Plant-induced Soil Heterogeneity

Published on: March 13, 2014

18.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 27, 2025

Simulating Temperature in a Soil Incubation Experiment
08:39

Simulating Temperature in a Soil Incubation Experiment

Published on: October 28, 2022

3.0K
Author Spotlight: Unraveling the Role of Earthworms in Enhancing Mineral Weathering for CO2 Removal
07:22

Author Spotlight: Unraveling the Role of Earthworms in Enhancing Mineral Weathering for CO2 Removal

Published on: November 10, 2023

3.5K
Experimental Protocol for Manipulating Plant-induced Soil Heterogeneity
08:16

Experimental Protocol for Manipulating Plant-induced Soil Heterogeneity

Published on: March 13, 2014

18.9K

Area of Science:

  • Earth Science
  • Ecology
  • Climate Science

Background:

  • Soil respiration is the largest terrestrial carbon source to the atmosphere, yet it remains a significant uncertainty in the global carbon budget.
  • Heterotrophic respiration, a key component of soil carbon efflux, is primarily influenced by soil temperature and moisture.
  • Understanding these influences is crucial for accurate climate change modeling and carbon budget assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a mechanistic model applicable from micro to global scales to investigate the impact of soil water content and temperature on soil heterotrophic respiration.
  • To validate the model using simulations, laboratory measurements, and field observations.
  • To project future changes in global soil heterotrophic respiration under various climate scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a multi-scale mechanistic model for soil heterotrophic respiration.
  • Model validation through comparison with simulation data, laboratory experiments, and field observations.
  • Utilizing future projections of surface temperature and soil moisture for predictive analysis.

Main Results:

  • The model estimates a global increase in soil heterotrophic respiration of approximately 2% per decade since the 1980s.
  • Future projections indicate a potential global increase of about 40% in heterotrophic respiration by the end of the century under a worst-case emission scenario.
  • The Arctic region is projected to experience a more than two-fold increase in heterotrophic respiration, driven mainly by decreasing soil moisture.

Conclusions:

  • Soil heterotrophic respiration is increasing and is sensitive to changes in soil moisture and temperature.
  • The developed model provides a robust tool for estimating current and future soil carbon efflux.
  • Urgent climate change mitigation is necessary to curb the projected rise in soil carbon emissions, particularly in vulnerable regions like the Arctic.