Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 8, 2026

Alternative In Vitro Methods for the Determination of Viral Capsid Structural Integrity
Published on: November 16, 2017
Inhibitory effect of Ephedra herba on human norovirus infection in human intestinal organoids
Tsuyoshi Hayashi1, Kosuke Murakami1, Hirokazu Ando2
1Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Gakuen 4-7-1, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan.
Abstract:
Human norovirus (HuNoV) is a major cause of acute gastroenteritis and foodborne diseases worldwide with public health concern, yet no antiviral therapies have been developed. In this study, we aimed to screen crude drugs, which are components of Japanese traditional medicine, ''Kampo'' to see their effects on HuNoV infection using a reproducible HuNoV cultivation system, stem-cell derived human intestinal organoids/enteroids (HIOs). Among the 22 crude drugs tested, Ephedra herba significantly inhibited HuNoV infection in HIOs. A time-of-drug addition experiment suggested that this crude drug more preferentially targets post-entry step than entry step for the inhibition. To our knowledge, this is the first anti-HuNoV inhibitor screen targeting crude drugs, and Ephedra herba was identified as a novel inhibitor candidate that merits further study.
More Related Videos
07:02Quantifying Human Norovirus Virus-like Particles Binding to Commensal Bacteria Using Flow Cytometry
Published on: April 29, 2020
07:59Adapting Gastrointestinal Organoids for Pathogen Infection and Single Cell Sequencing under Biosafety Level 3 BSL-3 Conditions
Published on: September 10, 2021
Related Concept Videos
Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants
Ganglionic stimulants activate NM nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia, falling into two categories: nicotine mimetics [e.g., lobeline, dimethylpiperazine, tetramethylammonium] and muscarinic receptor agonists [e.g., muscarine, methacholine]. The first category's action is rapid and blocked by nicotinic receptor antagonists, while the second category's action is delayed and blocked by atropine-like agents. Nicotine, an alkaloid, affects the heart rate by stimulating sympathetic or...
Adrenergic Agonists: Mixed-Action Agents
Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine lack a catecholamine group, making them less susceptible to degradation by metabolic enzymes. They have increased oral bioavailability and lipophilicity, resulting in a longer duration of action. Their response is reduced by...
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Disease States and Pharmacology
Substances such as alcohol and specific drugs, including antineoplastics, can also negatively impact drug absorption. For instance,...
Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Food and Drug–Viral Interactions
Diphtheria
Hepatitis