Bread staling prediction with a multiobjective particle swarm optimization-based bread constitutive modeling method

Aiming at the complex and cumbersome problems of current bread staling detection technology, a food constitutive modeling method based on the multiobjective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) was proposed, which can quickly and efficiently identify the creep test parameters for bread, and predict the viscoelastic parameters of bread staling using the analyzed viscoelastic parameters, resulting in convenient and efficient detection of bread staling. Firstly, airflow-laser detection technology was used to carry out rapid, efficient, and non-destructive bread rheological tests to obtain bread creep test data. The MOPSO based on the Pareto set was then used to identify the generalized Kelvin model, and the discrimination accuracy was evaluated by using the inversion results established by the viscoelastic parameters, which resulted in efficient discrimination of creep test data of starch-based products represented by bread. Finally, using extreme learning machine regression (ELM), a prediction model between the analysis results and the moisture content of bread staling was established, and the prediction effect of the analysis results on bread staling was verified. The experimental results show that, when compared to finite element analysis (FEA) and non-linear regression (NLR) to identify creep parameters, the MOPSO overcomes the shortcomings of easy falling into the local optimal solution, is easy to implement, has strong global search ability, and is suitable for the analysis of high-dimensional viscoelastic models of complex foods. The correlation coefficient (R) of the prediction set established by the 12-membered viscoelastic parameters in the prediction model established by multi-element viscoelastic parameters and bread moisture content was 0.847, and the root mean square error (RMSE) was 0.021. This demonstrated that, when combined with MOPSO, airflow-laser detection technology could effectively identify the viscoelastic parameters of bread and establish a method suitable for monitoring bread staling in industrial production. The results of this study provide a reference for the identification of viscoelastic parameters of complex foods and to detect bread staling quickly and efficiently.