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Related Concept Videos

Flame Photometry: Overview01:02

Flame Photometry: Overview

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Flame photometry, also known as flame emission spectrometry, is a technique used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements present in a sample using a flame as the source of excitation energy. The concept of flame photometry was realized in the early 1860s by Kirchhoff and Bunsen, who discovered that specific elements emit characteristic radiation when excited in flames. The first instrument developed for this purpose was used to measure sodium (Na) in plant ash using a Bunsen...
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Flame Photometry: Lab01:16

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In a flame photometer, when a solution like potassium chloride is aspirated into the flame, the solvent evaporates, leaving behind dehydrated salt. This salt dissociates into free gaseous atoms in their ground state. Some of these atoms absorb energy from the flame, leading to their excitation. The excited atoms return to the ground state, emitting photons at characteristic wavelengths. Because only electronic transitions are involved, the resulting emission lines are very narrow. The intensity...
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Calorimeters are useful to determine the heat released or absorbed by a chemical reaction. Coffee cup calorimeters are designed to operate at constant (atmospheric) pressure and are convenient to measure heat flow (or enthalpy change) accompanying processes that occur in solution at constant pressure. A different type of calorimeter that operates at constant volume, colloquially known as a bomb calorimeter, is used to measure the energy produced by reactions that yield large amounts of heat and...
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Combustion, commonly known as burning, is a reaction in which a substance reacts with an oxidizing agent, which in most cases is molecular oxygen, to liberate energy in the form of heat, light, or sound. The heat of combustion is also known as the enthalpy of combustion. The energy released when one mole of a substance undergoes complete combustion at constant pressure is called molar heat of combustion. Combustion reactions are exothermic; that is, they release energy, and their ΔH sign...
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The low reactivity in alkanes can be attributed to the non-polar nature of C–C and C–H σ bonds. Alkanes, therefore, were  initially termed as “paraffins,” derived from the Latin words: parum, meaning “too little,” and affinis, meaning “affinity.”
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Updated: Jul 26, 2025

Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames
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Experimental Study of External Flame Evolution and Temperature Characteristics after a Methane Explosion in a

Huadao Xing1,2, Guangan Xu2, Runze Yu3

  • 1School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China.

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This study investigated methane-vented explosions, revealing ignition position and vent area significantly impact external flame and temperature. Rear ignition and larger vent areas generally increase explosion severity and flame characteristics.

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Area of Science:

  • Combustion science
  • Explosion dynamics
  • Fire safety engineering

Background:

  • Methane-vented explosions pose significant risks in enclosed spaces.
  • Understanding external flame and temperature characteristics is crucial for safety.
  • Previous research has not fully detailed the interplay of ignition and vent parameters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate methane-vented explosions.
  • To analyze the effects of ignition positions and vent areas on external flame and temperature.
  • To provide data for disaster prevention and accident evaluation.

Main Methods:

  • Experiments conducted in a 4.5 m³ rectangular chamber.
  • Controlled initial pressure (100 kPa) and temperature (298 K).
  • Varied ignition locations and vent areas to observe flame and temperature dynamics.

Main Results:

  • External flame exhibits three distinct stages: explosion, blue flame jet, and yellow venting.
  • Temperature peaks initially rise then fall with distance; rear ignition yields largest flames and highest temperatures.
  • Increasing vent area weakens pressure wave-flame front coupling but increases high-temperature peak diameter and intensity.

Conclusions:

  • Ignition position and vent area are critical factors in methane explosion severity.
  • Findings offer valuable insights for designing explosion prevention and mitigation strategies.
  • Results aid in the assessment of building explosion accidents.